Cognitive explanations

Question 1

what did eiser find

Answer 1

veteran smokers transmitted positive expectations to novices

Question 2

what did tate find

Answer 2

when he told smokers they wouldn’t get side effects when quitting, it changed their expectancy and they experienced less

Question 3

why is this theory inaccurate

Answer 3

smokers expect to get rewards of less stress when in fact, it has been found that smokers have higher stress levels when smoking than when not smoking

Question 4

what did Griffith find

Answer 4

gamblers believe they are more skilled and rational and described losses as ‘near wins’

Question 5

whats a better explanation

Answer 5

An interactionist one- cognitive explanations better explain initiation and maintenance so cognitive factors could trigger behaviour in those with genetic vulnerability

Question 6

outline the cognitive model

Answer 6

addictions occur through faulty thinking

coping- to cope with stress and enduce a positive mood, alertness and a distraction from unpleasant experiences

expectancy- positive expectations make people more likely to engage, even when expectations are inaccurate

rational choice theory- addicts make a rational choice as they feel current/future benefits outweigh current/ future costs