Cognitive Explanation: Kohlberg’s Theory: Flashcards

1
Q

Nurture

A

Our schemas develop through experience

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2
Q

Egocentric

A

being inconsiderate of others and being unable to see the world for the perspective of others.

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3
Q

Conservation

A

Something can stay the same even though it’s appearance has changed.

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4
Q

Interactionist

A

the view that nature and nurture work together to shape human behaviour.

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5
Q

Stage 1: Gender identity

A
  • 2-3 years
  • Can label self as boy/girl by 3 years
  • Relies on physical appearance (e.g hair)
  • Doesn’t understand gender is permanent
  • Child is egocentric
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6
Q

Stage 2: gender stability

A
  • 3-4ish years
  • Child knows their gender stays the same
  • Cannot apply this to other people/situations
  • Child is still egocentric
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7
Q

Stage 3: Gender consistency

A

around 6 years old
Complete understanding of gender for self and others across time, situation and despite superficial change.
They now look for role models to confirm their knowledge.
Not egocentric and understand conservation

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8
Q

AO3: positives

A

+ Munroe (1984) A cross cultural study was done which supports applying Kohlberg’s theory, it included non-western and western countries (in Africa). This supports kohlberg’s findings and shows that it isn’t culturally relative. This supports that gender development is biological (nature) otherwise we would see clear differences.
+ Ken doll explanation: A “Ken doll” is shown to a 2, 4, 6 year old.
Phase A: Ken is wearing shorts| shirt |short hair BOY, BOY, BOY (2,4,6)
Phase B: Skirt| shirt | short hair GIRL, GIRL, BOY (2,4,6)
Phase C: skirt | shirt| long hair GIRL, GIRL, BOY (2,4,6)

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9
Q

AO3 negatives

A
  • Methodological issues - Bem suggested that children could use cues such as clothing, hair because they don’t necessarily know what the opposite sex genitals look like.
  • The stage theory is based on interviews with children aged 2-6 but since children develop at different rates, some may not understand the questions or be able to verbalise their thoughts leading to confusion. Children are also very agreeable and impressionable so may have just been saying “Yes” randomly.
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10
Q

Nature

A

We are born with the ability to create schemas.

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