Atypical Gender Development Flashcards
1
Q
Gender dysphoria/ GID
A
extreme discomfort within birth-assigned gender, strong, ongoing identification with opposite sex and no biological disorder occurring at the same time.
2
Q
Biological explanation BSTc and GID 🟢
A
- dimorphic (difference in male and female) brain structures cause GID.
- studied the BSTc which is assumed to be fully developed at age 5, found it is 40% larger in males than females.
Post mortems showed that in 6 transgender (M to F), the BSTc was similar size to female brains.
3
Q
Concordance rates + AO3 🟢
A
- 39% Mz twins concordance for GID, compared to NO DZ where one of each pair was diagnosed with GID.
- this means genetic factors must be involved
Ao3: deterministic as there’s no consideration of free will.
4
Q
Foetal development - hormones:🟢
A
- There was either over or under-exposure to androgens in the womb (over-exposure for females, underexposure for males).
- As a consequence it leads to masculation or feminisation.
5
Q
Psychodynamic approach to GID 🟣
A
• mother-son relationship leads to greater female identification in boys.
• Extreme separation anxiety occurs before gender identity is established.
• Fantasies of a symbolic fusion with mother to reduce anxiety.
•Become the mother so adopts a female gender identity
6
Q
Cognitive theory - gender schema extension
A
- schemas are formed through childhood experience and built upon.
- this theory suggests two pathways or gender development.
- The first pathway acknowledges the development of the gender schema. These then direct “gender-appropriate” attitudes and behaviours as part of a “normal development”
- The second pathway describes how a child’s personal interests can become more dominant and this influences the gender schema (e.g girl plays with dinosaurs).
- in most this leads to androgynous behaviour, but in some minorities it leads to the formation of an opposite gender identity.
7
Q
Biological
A
