Cognitive Errors and Diagnostic Mistakes Flashcards
The most common cognitive error among physicians
Premature Closure
Premature Closure
The failure to continue considering reasonable alternatives after an initial diagnosis was reached
Cognitive Bias Codex
Representativeness Heuristic
Dual Process Theory
Outlined in Kahneman’s book Thinking Fast and Slow
System I is rapid, System II is slow. Processing for these reactions occurs in different areas of the brain.
Croskerry’s Phylogeny of Medical Errors
- Errors of overattachment to a particular diagnosis
- Errors due to failure to consider alternative diagnoses
- Errors due to inheriting someone else’s thinking
- Errors in prevalence perception or estimation
- Errors in involving patient characteristics on presentation context
- Errors associated with physician affect, personality, or decision style
Errors of overattachment to a particular diagnosis
Anchoring, confirmation bias, premature closure, sunk cost fallacy
Errors due to failure to consider alternative diagnoses
Multiple alternatives bias, representativeness restriant, search satisfying, unpacking principle
Errors due to inheriting someone else’s thinking
Diagnosis momentum, framing effect, bandwagon effect
Errors in prevalence perception or estimation
Availability bias, ambiguity effect, base-rate neglect, gambler’s fallacy, hot-hand fallacy, hindsight bias, playing the odds, posterior probability bias, order effects
Errors in involving patient characteristics on presentation context
Fundamental attribution error, affective bias, in-group bias, triage cueing, contrast effect, ying-yang out,
Errors associated with physician affect, personality, or decision style
