Cognitive Development Theories and Milestones Flashcards
Aggression peaks at _______
Four years old
Instrumental Aggression
Found in younger preschoolers. Shout, hit, kick to get desired concrete object.
Hostile Aggression
middle preschoolers. Getting even for other that have done them wrong.
Overt Aggression
Physically Harming or threatening (boys more likely)
Relational Aggression
Emotional/Social harm. Rejecting. (Girls more likely)
Who created the Social Learning Theory and what is it?
Albert Bandura. Children learn behaviors vicariously by observing others. (Children are taught to be prejudice by the adults in their lives).
Corporal punishment can lead to____
Anti-Social behaviors. Boys are particularly at risk (genetic disposition)
Behaviorist that believed in positive and negative reinforcement
B.F. Skinner
What is Positive Reinforcement?
Introducing a reward immediately after desired behavior. Most effective.
Negative Reinforcement
Taking something unwanted away, like a noisy environment.
Positive Punishment
Aversive consequence for behavior. Johnny refused to put one toy away so now he has to clean the whole play room.
Negative Punishment
Removing the stimulus. Johnny refused to clean his room so now he can’t watch T.V.
What is the first stage of Piaget’s Cognitive Development Theory and at what age in development does it occur?
Sensorimotor stage (Birth to 2) Babies learn through the environmental input and motor actions they engage in.
What is the second stage of Piaget’s Cognitive Development Theory and when does it occur in development?
The pre-operational stage (2-7). Children engage in symbolic play and begin to manipulate symbols.
What is a Conservation Task?
Thinking problems that require the child to observe the same amount, but laid out in different ways.
