cognitive development in adolescence 2 Flashcards
what is the common test used to measure children (6-16) intelligence?
Wechsler’s Intelligence Scale for children (WISC-V)
how many subscales are in the WISC-V verbal scale?
6
how many subscales are in the WISC-V performance scale?
97
what can the different subscales tell us about teens intelligence?
how their intellectual abilities develop with age
what are the 3 important characteristics of adolescent intellectual development?
greater abilities than children, differences in the speed different abilities develop, stability of development
why doesn’t a particular adolescent IQ change much with age?
because IQ scores are based on age norms, so IQ only indicates how smart a person is in comparison with their own age group (so remains relatively stable in development)
IQ is ____ unstable early in in development
more
what is the flynn effect?
gains in IQ points over decades since 1932, seen in other countries with IQ gains varying from 5-25
why can’t genetic factors explain the flynn effect and what is the effect thought to be due to?
genetic factors can’t explain this change over a small time scale > effect due to environmental factors
what are the environmental factors thought to underlie the flynn effect?
enhanced nutrition, better health, quality and access of education, reduced family size, increasing complexity of society, use of complex tech
the store of info, skills, strategies acquired through education and prior experience = _______ intelligence
crystallised
a person’s ability to reason and think abstractly = ________ intelligence
fluid
do typical IQ differentiate between crystallised and fluid intelligence?
no (therefore at first glance IQ seems stable during and after adolescence)
what has been found when fluid and crystallised intelligence have been tested separately?
fluid intelligence has been found to decline in adolescence, crystallised intelligence increases rapidly in late adolescence
why does fluid intelligence decline over development?
younger people are better than older at solving abstract problems
mental processes we use to draw conclusions on the basis of info known to us =
reasoning
what are the 2 types of reasoning that are the reverse of each other?
deductive and inductive reasoning
involves drawing specific conclusions from general premises =
deductive reasoning
involves drawing a general conclusion from specific premises =
inductive reasoning
what is a syllogism?
made up of 2 statements called premises and a conclusion that is derived from these premises
the premises or conclusions in a syllogism can each have a ________ quantifier or a _______ quantifier
universal, particular
is it easier to reason about universal or particular premises?
universal