Cognitive Development. Flashcards
What is growth?
The process of increasing in size.
What is development?
The changes which occur as children mature physically, emotionally, socially and cognitively.
What factors could influence the development of a child?
Family
Friends
Home
Relationships
Interactions
Certain styles of learning
Diet and nutrition
SEND
Gender
Support
Violence
Religion
Interests
Genes
Pandemics
Brain development
At birth the brain contains about 100 billion neurons and the child’s brain undergoes an amazing period of development from birth to producing more than 1 million neutral connections each second.
Newborn shoes, electrical and chemical signals to send information between different areas of brain and the entire body .
What is brain plasticity?
The brain is constantly changing through a process known as plasticity. Brain plasticity is the ability to adapt and change of structure and function throughout the life of an individual.
positives of brain plasticity
Allows people to adapt and change the situations
People are able to solve issues
Negatives of brain plasticity
Brain shrinking due to a negative experience
Certain behaviours learnt.
What skills and abilities do children and young people need to develop in cognitive development?
Memory
Social skills
Communication
Hand eye coordination
Problem-solving
Trial and error
Sharing
Decision making
Imagination .
Sensory perception
Vision is least developed of all the senses at birth.
Hearing at birth is very sensitive some noises soothe.
Taste is here from birth.
Piagets schemes
Piagets theory included that the stages are universal meaning every child goes throughout the same time.
Piaget believed that children learn in schemas .
These can be adapted/changed experiences piaget called these assimilation and accommodation .
What is assimilation? Schemas
Expanding knowledge by observing new experiences in an existing schema.
What is accommodation? Schemas
Creation of a new schema.
Piagets stages of development.
Sensorimotor – 0 to 2 – know the difference between themselves and the environment they have developed object permanence only though the world via their senses.
Pre-operational – 2 to 7 – children develop their language , children begin to have abstract thoughts, only see the world how they say it and not from other peoples perspective.
Concrete operational – 7 to 11 – can’t understand concrete ideas and concepts , similarities and differences, can conserve.
Formal operational – 11+ – reason hypothetically and think systematically and are self-conscious, can logically, mental arithmetic.
Bruners theory. Three modes of representation. He believed that each child use these throughout their lives to understand the world.
Enactive – action based – motor responses, children learned by doing rather than thinking.
Iconic – image based – sensory images and illustrations.
Symbolic – language based – stored as language, math symbols, and other symbols.
How can practitioners develop cognitive abilities in children?
Repeating activities until they can be completed independently
Practising colours shapes counting and letters
Giving the child of choice .
Vygotskys theory.
He believed that children are born with basic cognitive abilities of memory attention sensation and perception but require a social cultural interaction to develop higher mental abilities. A sociocultural interaction is talking to and working with other people develop high skills.
Vygotskys theory.
Suggested the use of scaffolding, this is where a more knowledgeable other will support the learner by structuring the task to make it achievable.
