Cognitive Deficits: Depression

Question 1

sensory memory

Answer 1

• input from 5 sense

- can be ignored or perceived and transferred to short memory in <1 second

Question 2

sensory memory comes from what area

Answer 2

hippocampus

Question 3

short term memory

Answer 3

• working memory
• temp recall
• processed in 10-15 seconds long term storage

Question 4

short term memory comes from where

Answer 4

pre frontal cortex

Question 5

implicit memory

Answer 5

• long term
• procedural
• subconscious influence of previous info
• automatic responses

Question 6

implicit memory comes from where

Answer 6

cerebellum, putamen, caudate nucleus, motor cortex

Question 7

explicit, declarative semantic memory

Answer 7

• long term

- structured facts, meanings, concepts and knowledge

Question 8

declarative, semantic memory comes from where

Answer 8

prefrontal and temporal cortex

Question 9

explicit, declarative episodic memory

Answer 9

• long term

- autobiographical of events, contextual knowledge and associated emotions

Question 10

declarative episodic memory comes from where

Answer 10

hippocampus connetcs to sensory areas of brain to create an “episode”

Question 11

what memory goes out first

Answer 11

• short term
• declarative semantic
• declarative episodic
• procedural

Question 12

delirium

Answer 12

• rapid onset
• only as long as the cause
• clear attention
• hyperactive vs. solmenent
• gargle speech, hallucinations
• meds, infxn., etc. can be causes

Question 13

dementia

Answer 13

• slow onset
• duration varies
• attention declines
• consciousness severe impaired
• anomia present
• progressive disease

Question 14

delirium present increases what

Answer 14

morbidity and mortality rates

Question 15

prevention and management of delirium

Answer 15

• determine cause and remediate ASAP
• always reorient the pt when working with them
• promote normal sleep-wake cycles, proper nutrition/hydration
• early mobility

Question 16

if dementia is present, what can that do to ones emotions

Answer 16

• decreases their ability to verbalize sadness and other feelings of depression

Question 17

pseudodementia

Answer 17

• apparent intellectual decline that stems from lack of energy or effort
• forgetful, move slowly, low motivation, mental slowing

Question 18

how to distinguish depression from dementia?

Answer 18

• more rapid decline in mental function
• usually not oriented
• difficulty concentrating but less difficult with short term memory
• writing, speaking, motor skills usually not affected
• more likely to make comments on memory problems

Question 19

when is depression more common with dementia pts

Answer 19

early to moderate stages of dementia

increased severity of dementia = decreased prevalence of major depression