cognitive behavioural therapy Flashcards
What is CBT?
Brief psychological therapy often referred to as talking therapy
Helps people with a range of issues eg - anxiety, depression, PTSD and specific phobias
Based on the idea that our thoughts, feelings and behaviours are all linked
Describe dental anxiety
General type of fear
Occurs without a present triggering stimulus
Emotional response to immediate danger
Anticipatory due to previous negative experience
Describe dental fear
An intense biological response to immediate danger which is specific
Encourages caution and safety
Describe dental phobia
A clinical mental disorder
Overwhelming and debilitating fear
Most common specific phobia in the UK with a prevalence of 11%
Give 5 factors that affect dental anxiety/fear/phobia
Direct experiences
Observations
What you’ve been told
Personality
Genes
Give 4 triggers of dental anxiety/fear/phobia
Fearful of specific stimuli - injections, the drill
Fearful of medical catastrophe
Generalised dental anxiety
Mistrustful of dental personnel
What is trauma?
An event of actual or extreme threat of physical or psychological harm which an individual experiences as traumatic and which causes long lasting effects
What assessments are available for dental fear and anxiety?
Modified dental anxiety scale (MDAS)
Child version called MCDASf (modified child dental anxiety scale-faces)
How is dental fear/anxiety/phobia managed?
Pharmacological approaches - conscious sedation
Psychological approaches - CBT
What can be expected from CBT?
Collaboration between patient and clinician
The ability to test their own negative thinking
Receive psychoeducation and learn coping skills to allow behavioural change
Learn to face their anxiety and disengage from avoidance
Learn to challenge their anxiety and learn to reduce their reliance upon sedation
What emotions are dealt with in CBT?
Anxiety
Scared
Shame
Guilt
Anger
What psychological components are dealt with in CBT?
Increased HR
Dry mouth
Increased perspiration
Butterflies in stomach
Flushed face
Increased muscle tension
Fight/flight/freeze
What cognitive components are dealt with in CBT?
Expectation of failure
Catastrophising
Fortune telling
Magnifying and minimising
What behavioural components are dealt with in CBT?
Avoidance
Disruptive behaviour (especially in children)
Increased muscle tension
Safety behaviours
How are the cycle of emotions broken
Breathing control
Relaxation
Knowing this will pass
Stepping back
Grounding
STOP
