Cognitive-Behaviour Therapies Flashcards
What do cognitive-behavioural therapies techniques help clients with?
Understand problems, see patterns of irrational thought, evaluate behaviours based on more rational thinking, and teach new skills to promote self regulation
What are some cognitive processes?
Thoughts, perceptions, beliefs, expectations, attributions and self statements
How did Skinner contribute to Cognitive Behaviour Therapies?
He gave behavioural interpretations of psychoanalytic terms (like repression), and he wrote about “clinical behaviour analysis” which was about applying radical behaviourism to outpatient adult behaviour therapy
When did the term ‘behaviour therapy’ emerge and what did it refer to?
It emerged in the late 1950s and referred to the respondent conditioning treatments of anxiety disorders
What was the focus of therapy in Cognitive Restructuring Therapies?
It focused on changing faulty thinking patterns and reducing dysfunctional thought processes directly or indirectly through overt behavioural interventions
Who developed Rational-Emotional Behaviour therapy and who did he develop it for?
Albert Ellis developed it and it was developed to help people change irrational thought with the idea that change will come if you change your cognitive thinking
Explain the Rational Emotional Behavioural Therapy:
ABCDE paradigm (not Skinner’s ABC)
A- Activating events occur
B- Beliefs: our irrational interpretations about what the activating events mean
C- Consequences: cognitive, behavioural, and emotional reactions to the activating events, interpreted through out beliefs
D- Dispute: irrational beliefs in therapy
E- Emotional relief follows recognition of the irrationality of one’s belief
What are the three types of dispute in REBT?
Empirical/Scientific dispute: What evidence is there that this belief is true?
Functional dispute: Is my irrational belief helping me or does it make things worse?
Logical dispute: Is this belief logical?
According to Ellis, what are the three main irrational beliefs?
- I must win the approval of others
- People must treat me considerably and if they dont then screw them
- I must get what I want and it will be terrible if I dont get it
What are the three steps in identifying irrational beliefs
- identify thoughts based on irrational beliefs
- challenge irrational beliefs
- teaching clients to replace thoughts based on irrational beliefs with thoughts based on rational beliefs
- -> the idea is that the therapist is confrontational
Is REBT effective?
It has some merit in empirical support like changing irrational thoughts in alcoholism, but the confrontational nature doesn’t work well with some clients with some disorders
What is Cognitive Therapy and who developed it?
Aaron Beck developed CT, and it holds that faulty and negativistic thought patterns lead to behavioural and emotional problems
In CT, what are Automatic thoughts?
They are maladaptive (irrational) cognitions that are automatically generated by distorted stored beliefs
Explain the Negative Triad
It is the negative thoughts toward oneself, the world and the future
Define Dichotomous (polarized) thinking
All or none evaluations
Define Overgeneralization:
A rule or belief is applied too broadly
Define Arbitrarily Inference:
Drawing inaccurate conclusions based on insufficient, ambiguous or contrary evidence
Define Magnification:
An exaggeration of the meaning or impact of an event
Define Selective abstraction:
attending to a particular detail while ignoring the overall context
Define Personalization:
Erroneously attributing an external event to yourself
What approach does CT use?
CT uses a collaborative approach between client and therapist
Who is Self Instruction Training developed for and who developed it?
Donald Meichenbaum developed SIT and it was originally developed for to treat developed children’s behaviour
What are the basic steps in Self instruction training?
- Identify the problem situation, define desirable target behaviour and competing behaviours
- Identify self instructions to be used in the problem situation (cue cards may be used)
- Use behavioural skills training to teach self instructions
Explain the four types of Behavioural skills training used in SIT
Modelling: adult model performs task while using self instructions
Instructions: child is given deliberate strategy to follow, where the adult gives instructions while the child performs
Rehearsal: child practices task while verbalizing instructions aloud, and instructions are gradually faded
Feedback: performance is immediately evaluated, praise or other reinforcers are given for correct performance
Are Self instructions effective?
It has been successfully applied to impulsive behaviours, schizo behaviours, anger, obesity, bulimia, poor body image, deficits in assertive behaviours…etc. but not for social anxiety and personality disorders. Even though it was developed for children, it can be used on adolescents and adults
