Cognitive area

Question 1

The principles of the cognitive area

Answer 1

1) mental processes are key to understanding human behaviour
2) the mind is an information processor.

Question 2

strengths of the cognitive area

Answer 2

1) scientific so EVs are controlled
2) high internal validity- cause and effect are established

Question 3

weakness of cognitive area

Answer 3

1) lacks ecological validity- does not reflect real life so is less useful
2) more demand characteristics in lab experiments.

Question 4

Applications of the cognitive area

Answer 4

1) memory enhancing techniques
2) better exam results using context dependent memory

Question 5

Loftus and Palmer aim

Answer 5

to investigate the ways in which the memory can be influenced by leading questions.

Question 6

Loftus and palmer background

Answer 6

Marshall - people struggle to estimate the speed of cars

Question 7

Loftus and Palmer method

Answer 7

laboratory experiment with independent measures design

Question 8

Loftus and Palmer IV and DV

Answer 8

IV- wording of the question (5 verbs)
DV- estimated speeds given

Question 9

Loftus and Palmer sample

Answer 9

experiment one ( 45 students in 5 groups of 9)
experiment two (150 students in 3 groups of 50)

Question 10

Loftus and palmer experiment one procedure

Answer 10

7 films of traffic accidents were presented in a random order to each group. had to give a recollection of what they saw and answer critical question. (smashed collided hit bumped contacted).

Question 11

Loftus and palmer experiment two procedure

Answer 11

shown a film of multiple car accidents.50 were asked how fast (verb hit) 50 asked how fast (verb smashed) and 50 were not asked about speed.
1 week later - did you see any broken glass

Question 12

Loftus and palmer experiment one results

Answer 12

speed estimates
smashed = 40.5 mph
contacted= 31.8 mph
reasons- distorted memory or response bias

Question 13

Loftus and Palmer experiment two results

Answer 13

16/50 in smashed condition said they saw broken glass compared to 7/50 in the hit condition.

Question 14

Loftus and Palmer conclusion

Answer 14

the wording of leading question can affect eyewitness testimony.

Question 15

Grant et al aim

Answer 15

test for context dependency effects caused by the presence or absence of noise

Question 16

Grant et al background

Answer 16

Godden and Baddeley- divers underwater or on land

Question 17

Grant et al method

Answer 17

Laboratory experiment with independent measures design

Question 18

Grant et al IV and DV

Answer 18

IV- match or mismatch task
DV- number of correct answers on 16 multiple choices

Question 19

Grant et al sample

Answer 19

was originally 40 but now is 39 (17 female 23 male)

Question 20

Grant et al procedure

Answer 20

each experimenter provided a cassette and headphones playing background noise recorded at lunchtime at a university cafeteria.2 page psychoimmunology selected to be studied. pps were asked to read once have a 2 minute break then do 10 short answer questions and 16 multiple choice

Question 21

Grant et al results

Answer 21

study and test in same environment for best results silent silent = 6.7 but silent noisy = 5.4

Question 22

Grant et al conclusions

Answer 22

context dependency effects are shown when learning new meaningful material. study and test in same environment for enhanced performance