Cognitive Approach to explaining and treating depression

Question 1

what are the two cognitive theories to explain depression

Answer 1

• ABC model
• Negative Triad

Question 2

who came up with the ABC Model

Answer 2

Ellis

Question 3

who came up with the negative triad

Answer 3

Beck

Question 4

what is the ABC model based on

Answer 4

idea that mental disorders lay in irrational beliegs

Question 5

what is the A part of the ABC model

Answer 5

the activating event

Question 6

what is the B part of the ABC model

Answer 6

the belief

Question 7

what is the C part of the ABC model

Answer 7

the consequence

Question 8

can ‘the belief’ part of the ABC model be rational or irrational

Answer 8

yes

Question 9

what will rational beliefs in the ABC model lead to

Answer 9

healthy emotions like acceptance

Question 10

what will irrational beliefs in the ABC model lead to

Answer 10

unhealthy emotions like depression

Question 11

give an example of the irrational beliefs someone may have from the activating event being fired at work (ABC)

Answer 11

that their ex colleagues have always had it in for them, that they will never get a job

Question 12

what did ellis believe about the source of irrational beliefs (ABC)

Answer 12

the source lies in mustabatory thinking

Question 13

what is mustabatory thinking (ABC)

Answer 13

thinking that certain ideas or assumptions must be true in order for an individual to be happy

Question 14

what are the three most common irrational beliefs ellis identified (ABC)

Answer 14

i must :
- be approved/accepted by people i value
- do well otherwise i am worthless
- be happy

Question 15

what did ellis believe needs to be challenged in order for mental happiness to prevail (ABC)

Answer 15

the three ‘musts’ need to be challenged because they are irrational beliefs

Question 16

what is the impact on someone with mustabatory thinking (ABC)

Answer 16

they will at best be disappointed, at worst depressed, because they hold irrational beliefs regarding failure

Question 17

what did beck’s negative triad suggest

Answer 17

depressed people feel the way they do because their thinking is biased towards negative interpretations of the world (negative schema)

Question 18

what is the word for having negative interpretations of the world (negative triad)

Answer 18

having a negative schema

Question 19

when do negative schemas develop (negative triad)

Answer 19

during childhood

Question 20

what events in childhood cause negative schemas (negative triad)

Answer 20

parental/peer rejection and criticism

Question 21

what do negative schemas lead to (negative triad)

Answer 21

cognitive biases

Question 22

what are cognitive biases (negative triad)

Answer 22

they explain how a person’s thinking is distorted and prone to misinterpretation

Question 23

what are the two cognitive biases particularly related to depression (negative triad)

Answer 23

• overgeneralisation
• catastrophising

Question 24

what is overgeneralisation (negative triad)

Answer 24

when sweeping conclusions are made based on one single incident

Question 25

give an example of an overgeneralisation (negative triad)

Answer 25

getting a low mark in an end of topic test and believing you will fail the final big exam

Question 26

what is catastrophising (negative triad)

Answer 26

where we exaggerate a minor setback and believe it is a complete disaster

Question 27

give an example of catastrophising (negative triad)

Answer 27

failing an end of topic test and believing you will never get a job and never amount to anything in life

Question 28

what is beck referring to when describing the negative triad

Answer 28

negative schemas and cognitive biases

Question 29

what is the negative triad made up fo

Answer 29

pessimistic and irrational views in three key elements of a person's belief system

Question 30

what are the three key elements that make up the negative triad

Answer 30

- the self - the world/life experiences - the future

Question 31

what is the cognitve approach to treating depression

Answer 31

Ellis' ABCDEF - cognitive behavioural therapy

Question 32

generally, what does ellis' CBT do

Answer 32

identifies irrational thinking, dispute them and replace them with effective, rational beliefs

Question 33

what 4 processes does CBT involve

Answer 33

- challenging irrational thoughts - homework - behavioural activism - unconditional positive regard

Question 34

by what process are irrational beliefs challenged

Answer 34

disputing

Question 35

what part of the ABC model does CBT target

Answer 35

B - the beliefs because that is what causes the consequences

Question 36

what are the three types of disputing as part of CBT

Answer 36

- logical - empirical - pragmatic

Question 37

what is logical disputing (CBT)

Answer 37

highlighting how self defeating beliefs do not follow logically from the information available

Question 38

what type of quuestions may be asked during logical disputing (CBT)

Answer 38

does this way of thinking make sense

Question 39

what is empirical disputing (CBT)

Answer 39

highlighting how self defeating beliefs may not be consistent with reality

Question 40

what type of questions may be asked during empirical disputing (CBT)

Answer 40

where is the proof that this belief is accurate

Question 41

what is pragmatic disputing (CBT)

Answer 41

emphasising the lack of usefulness of the self defeating beliefs

Question 42

what type of questions may be asked during pragmatic disputing (CBT)

Answer 42

how is this belief likely to help you

Question 43

what is the impact of effective disputing

Answer 43

the self defeating beliefs are changed into more rational ones

Question 44

what is the 'homework' part of CBT

Answer 44

- clients asked to complete assignments between sessions = putting the new beliefs into practise

Question 45

what is the 'behavioural activation' part of CBT

Answer 45

encouraging depressed clients to become more active and engage in pleasurable activities

Question 46

what does the behavioural activation part of CBT address

Answer 46

identifies and deals with any cognitive obstacles that stop the client participating in an activity eg 'i wont be able to do that'

Question 47

what is the unconditional positive regard part of CBT

Answer 47

therapist provides respect and appreciation regardless of what the client does to facilitate changing beliefs

Question 48

why is the unconditional positive regard of CBT important

Answer 48

if a person feels worthless they will be less likely to change their behaviour