Cognitive approach

Question 1

Walter mischel

Answer 1

doesn’t believe in personality

Question 2

personality according to mischel

Answer 2

Personality is the result of the interaction between events and a person’s cognitive-affective units, or mental representations that are the “units” of personality.

Question 3

Mischel: Studied “cognitive transformations of stimuli

Answer 3

Impact of an event determined by interpretation of the event.

Question 4

Mischel’s research

Answer 4

marshamallows think of them as fluffy clouds

Question 5

Mischel’s 5 explanatory personality variables and how schemas affect each of the steps:

Answer 5

1. Encodings:
   - attend
   - percieve
2. Expectations:
   - behavior-outcome expectancies
   - stimulus-outcome relations
   - self-efficacy expectations
3. Affects/emotions
   - Feelings and wants
4. Values/goals
5. Competencies/self-regulations

Question 6

Beck’s Cognitive Therapy Overcoming Learned Helplessness: five steps

Answer 6

1)encode:” & monitor habitual thinking patterns
2) Make connections between thinking patterns and emotions.
3) Evaluate truth value of thoughts
4) Replace the erroneous thought with a more realistic thought
5) Check mood: does the
alternative thought help?

Question 7

Summary: Beck’s Cognitive Therapy

Answer 7

Change negative emotions by changing the thinking patterns that generate them.
Eliminate thinking errors.
Replace negative automatic thinking with deliberate, realistic thinking

Question 8

Kelly

Answer 8

personality is made up of personal constructs

Question 9

Kelly

Answer 9

like traits… personal constructs they were in hierarchy order of importance

Question 10

Kelly

Answer 10

we are all scientists

Question 11

constructive alternatvitism

Answer 11

Because events are open to multiple interpretations . . .
We actively place meaning on them
Rather than events having inherent meanings

Question 12

According to Kelly

Answer 12

constructs convenience was the key

Question 13

Kelly’s View of Self & Other

Answer 13

Similar constructs? Good for a relationship.
Required for mutual understanding.
Self-constructs are primarily interpersonal
Categories for our interpersonal behavior
Role
Categories for distinguishing between self & other, other & other.

Question 14

Kelly in sum

Answer 14

Humans are scientists, searching for meaning.
Personal constructs are categories of meaning & scripts for behavior
Multiple interpretations are possible; we choose an interpretation
Interpretations channelize our experiences.
Convenience (not correctness) determines choice.