Behavioral Approach

Question 1

Behavioral Approach

Answer 1

personalities are shaped by learning processes

principles of learning explain why ppl do what they do.

Question 2

What does “behaviorism” include

Answer 2

1. Radical Behaviorism
   - classical conditioning: Pavlov & watson
   - operant conditioning: skinner
2. Social learning theory
   - Rotter and bandura

Question 3

Classical Conditioning

Answer 3

Stimulus —> response

Question 4

Pavlov

Answer 4

• russian
• nobel prize for work on digestive system of dogs.
• he discovered conditioned reflex: hungry dogs salivate when dinner bell & even footsteps of lab tech

Question 5

Dog experiment

Answer 5

set the basis for classical conditioning

Question 6

Classical Conditioning process

Answer 6

UR (salivate) —> US (food)—> Neutral S(bell) —>CS (bell)—> CR(salivate)

Question 7

Classical conditioning

Answer 7

learning by association

Question 8

which processes of CC are innate

Answer 8

unconditioned stimulus & response

Question 9

which processes of CC are learnt by association with US

Answer 9

conditioned stimulus & response

Question 10

John B Watson

Answer 10

• grew up in S Carolina
• inspired by pavlov
• studied behavrior in children
• 1913 established a new school of psych behaviorism
• first to apply S-R theory to humans

Question 11

Watson famous experiment

Answer 11

little albert and white rabbit

NS (rabbit) paired with U(loud sound)—> UR (fear)—>US(loud sound) + CS (rabbit)—> CR(fear)

Question 12

Extinction

Answer 12

wasn’t successful and little albert became scared of rabbits w/out loud sound.

Question 13

extinction

Answer 13

is when a behavior stops

Question 14

Generalization in CC

Answer 14

commonly occurs in trauma
in case of little albert (previously neutral stimuli are associated with traumatic experience.) —> fearing rabbits (resulting in generalization.

Question 15

Phobias

Answer 15

conditioned associations between neutral stimuli and fear

• environmental stimuli (heights, snakes, public speaking)
• emotion (anxiety)

Question 16

Fear VS. Phobia

Answer 16

fear is normal is isn’t persistent

phobia is persistent and distressing

Question 17

chaningin emotional reaction by app of CC

Answer 17

to overcome phobic anxiety

Question 18

Systematic desensitization

Answer 18

association of a “competing response” to a feared stimulus
like when fear is triggered relaxation is introduced… two can’t happen at the same time.
anxious response is thereby weakened…

Question 19

Steps of systematic desensitization

Answer 19

1. establish stimulus hierarchy
2. relaxation training
3. associate … stimulus in hierarchy with competing response (relaxation) thereby condition new association.

Question 20

Rotter’s Basic Formula for Predicting Behavior

Answer 20

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Question 21

Operant conditioning

Answer 21

cue —> behavior —> reinforcement —>increased behavior frequency—>
punishment —> decreased behavior frequency —>inhibition of punishment —>exhibition of behavior

Question 22

Critique of behavioral approach (strengths)

Answer 22

Strengths

1. Empirical foundation
2. Successful application
3. Does not require abstract thinking.
4. Shorter treatment.
5. Same principles used to explain all

Question 23

Critique of behavioral approach (criticism)

Answer 23

Criticisms

1. Insufficient complexity for explaining human personality
2. Conditioning is difficult to implement.
3. Fails to account for intrinsically motivated behavior.