Cognitive approach Flashcards
key assumptions
- The brain can be compared to a computer (input, output, processing)
- Behaviour is a product of information processing
Define Short Term Memory
Memories that are briefly stored in the brain
Define Long Term Memory
large amount of memories that are stored in the brain for long periods of time
Define remembering
the recollection of a memory of an event that has happened previously
Define recognition
a sense of familiarity when remembering a memory that is happening again
Define recall
Being able to remember details from memories
the importance of cues
stimulus that helps retrieving details from a memory
Define encoding
Conversion of memory to be processed and stored and be retrieved later on
Define capacity
the ability to receive and hold on to information
Define duration
How long a memory can be remembered before forgetting
define shortening
Parts of memory that do not fit in with our existing schema on missed out so what we remember is shorter
define rationalisation
Part of a memory are recalled but in a distorted way to fit existing schemas
define confabulation
When details are added to memory to fill in the gaps to make recall meaningful
One weakness
One strength
One weakness is that not all memories are affected by schemas. Recall can be very accurate but we might not remember that accurate details
One strength is that reconstructive memory can help in accurate eyewitness testimony
define cognitive priming
when an exposure to a new stimulus alters someone’s old stimulus
define repetition
the more something is repeated the better chance it has being stored in the memory for longer
define semantic
category of long-term memory that involves the recollection of ideas, concepts and facts commonly regarded as general knowledge.
define associative
to learn and remember the connection between unrelated items
role of cognitive scripts
the sequence of behaviours that can be expected in a certain context
define memory scripts
a routine that becomes memorised during events
define person perception
different mental processes which we use to form impressions of other people
define cognitive bias
a systematic error in thinking
define fundamental attribution error
individuals tendency to judge others actions and compare to their actions and personality
define conformation bias
search for information that confirms our actions or beliefs
define hostile attribution bias
a general tendency to ascribe harmful or otherwise adverse intent to the ambiguous behaviour of others.
