Cognitive Appr Flashcards
What are the cog. appr assumptions?
computer analogy
internal mental processes
schemas
What is the ‘burglar’ schema?
most have probably never witnessed a burglary, yet their schemas would be:
male
young
Balaclava over face
what are event schemas?
event schemas aka scripts (e.g. going to restaurant)
role schemas tell us about diff roles (e.g. nurse)
What are schemas (assumption 3) ?
organised packets of information that are built up through experience, and stored in our long-term memory
can be refined through further interactions with ppl & the world around us
don’t necessarily represent reality as they’re made via social exchanges rather than reality
what is the halo effect in relationship formation?
Dion et al 1972: people believe that physically attractive ppl have attractive qualities and may become invested in forming a relationship with them.
what Is the computer analogy (assumption 1)?
the human mind is compared with computers in how they take in info (input), change/store it (process), and then recall it when needed (output)
mind = hardware, cognitive processes= software (e.g. attention, memory,perception..)
what Is the multistore model of memory?
Atkinson & shiffrin 1968: proposed that info is input to the Brian through the senses and moves to the short-term memory (STM) store, then to the long-term memory (LTM) store. it is output when required.
how are humans viewed in assumption 2?
information processors where essential cognitive processes all work together to enable us to make sense of, and respond to ,the world around us.
these processors (perception, attention, memory & lang) all relate to each other, and constantly work together to help individuals understand their environment
how do mental processes work with a dog example?
we know its a dog by perceiving its features and searching through memory store to see if theres a ‘match’ with something we’ve already seen/ experienced
we use knowledge of language to name it
our MP work together within a split second to allow us to respond to the world (info processing)
what is introspection? who is Wilhelm Wundt?
a technique used to infer what’s going on inside your head.
father of psychology; he opened the 1st experimental psychology lab in Germany in 1879, trying to investigate thinking scientific & systematically
How did Wundt use introspection in his lab?
highly trained research assistants would be given a stimulus and would report what that stimulus mad them think and feel
some psychologists question the validity of introspection as an objective tool however, it is still used today.
what is the matching hypothesis example?
Walter et al 1966
if we perceive ourselves as physically attractive with a strong self-concept, we will ‘try out luck’ with those we feel match us in terms of physical attraction
if our perception is low, we will not go for those we see as attractive for fear of rejection
what instructions were given to gambler participants?
what were the results of the study?
Griffiths 1994
say everything. don’t censor anything
keep talking as continuously as possible
don’t hesitate to use fragmented sentences if needed
don’t ry to justify thoughts
gamblers used more irrational verbalisations
what did Griffiths 1994 use introspection for?
he investigated the thought processes of regular/irregular gamers, proposing that regular gamblers thinking would be more irrational.
to assess this, they were asked to ‘think aloud’ while playing a fruit machine
to do this, participants were given a list of instructions
How does memory affect relationship formation?
positive memories of past relationships may drive ppl to forming new relationships
negative memories may cause reluctance to form new relationships, even with those we like
