Cognitive and perceptual deficits Flashcards
Perception
- requires sensation
- organization of sensory stimuli into meaningful information
- draws on past experiences
- helps us make sense out of a complex and changing environment
executive function
what is it and where does this happen
- ability to engage in self-directed, purposive volitional behavior
- needed to set goals and follow through on them
- ability to self-monitor and self correct
- related to frontal and pre-frontal cortices
- reciprocal connections with other regions
impaired executive function
- apathy
- poor insight into deficits
- inappropriate behavior
- poor judgement (in terms of safety)
- impaired social pragmatics
Perceptual deficits related to association areas and with executive function issues
could be due to
- could be due to frontal or part of parietal/temporal lobe dysfunction
Dorsolateral prefrontal association
- goal-oriented behavior,self awareness
Parietotemporal assoication
- sensory integration,
- problem solving,
- understanding language
- spacial relationships
ventral and medial dorsal prefrontal assoication
- emotion
- motivation
- personality
impaired body scheme and body image issues
causes what issues
- unilateral neglect
- anosgnosia
- somatoangosia
- right-left discrimination
- finger angosia
unilateral neglect
where is the lesion/dysfunction
- right parietal lobe (inferior-posterior)
- left side of the body is ignored
anosgnosia
what is it and where is the lesion
- dont recognize the body as part of their own
- parietal lobe (supramarginal gyrus)
somatoangosia
- dont recognize body parts
- example: show me your arm and they do not know what that is
- dominant parietal lobe
right-left discrimination
- cant figure out left vs right
- parietal lobe
finger agnosia
what is it and where is damage
- cant identify what finger is what
- parietal lobe (angular gyrus)
gerstmann’s syndrome
- large MCA or a smaller stroke in the angular gyrus
- bilateral finger agnosia
- agraphia cant write
- acalculia: lose the ability to perform math
spatial relations disorders
- figure-ground discrimination: right patieto-occipital lesion
- form discrimination
- spatial relations
- position in space
- topogrraphic disorientation: cant find their way
- depth and distance perception
- vertical disorientation: not knowing vertical
form discrimination
- being able to look at an object and know what is it used for
- if someone is unable to do this they may brush thier teeth with a pen or write with a toothbrush
Other spatial relations disorders
- figure-ground discrimination: right patieto-occipital lesion
- form discrimination
- spatial relations
- position in space
- topographic disorientation: cant find thier way and get lost
- depth and distance perception
- vertical disorientation: not knowing vertical
apraxia
ideomotor apraxia
- hard time with motor tasks
- typical with MCA
- disconnect between idea of movement and movement performance
- may be able to complete automatically but not on request
- patient may appear to have impaired coordination
- may perservate
- difficulty with multi-step commands or multiple implements
- lesions in left hemisphere frontal or parietal usually
apraxia
ideational apraxia
- unable to conceptualize how to perform task
- problems with sequencing an activity
- inappropriate object use
- lesion right parietal lobe (left sided weakness)
Agnosia
Cant identify things
- visual
- auditory
- tactile (astereognosis)
Visual agnosia types
- simultanagnosia: cant percieve at more than 1 object at a time
- prosopagnosia: inabilty recognize faces
- color agnosia: recognizaition/categorization of colors
- occiptial lobe syndrome: L. homonymous hemianopsia, alexia, agnosia
Visual field loss
- optic nerve: loss in just that eye completely
- optic chiasm: loss of peripheral vision in both eyes
- optic radiation/after optic chiasm: homonymous hemianopia - loss in the same halves of the visual field of each eye
- more posterior lesion of visual tracts: 1/4 of visual field in each eye
auditory agnosia
- cannot identify different sounds
Astereognosis
the inability to discriminate shape and size by touch and the inability to recognize objects by touch
