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Educational Psychology 250 > Cognitive and Language Development > Flashcards

Cognitive and Language Development Flashcards

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1
Q

What is cognitive development?

A

Changes in our thinking that occur as a result of maturation and experience.

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2
Q

Define: Development

A

changes that occur in all of us as we go through our lives.

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3
Q

Why do we study development?

A

helps us better understand ourselves and the people around us and because it can make us better teachers (helps give us insight)

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4
Q

What types of development occur?

A

physical, social and emotional

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5
Q

Describe Physical development.

A

the changes in size, shape and functioning of our bodies and explains why we could (run faster as a high schooler than a fifth grader)

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6
Q

What is social and emotional development?

A

Changes in our personalities and the ways we interact with others and the ability to manage our feelings.

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7
Q

What are the Principles of Development?

A

Development depends on both heredity and the environment, it proceeds in orderly and predictable patterns and everyone develops at different rates.

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8
Q

What is matruation?

A

genetically driven, age-related changes in individuals, plays an important role in development.

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9
Q

How does the environment impact our development?

A

through the experiences we have, may have a larger impact than heredity. ex: supportive families, schools with rich experiences

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10
Q

What does Bronfenbrenner’s Bioecological Systems Theory of Development help explain?

A

How the environment interacts with our genes to produce the unique individuals we each become.

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11
Q

Who is Urie Bronfenbrenner?

A

Russion born american developmental psychologist.

Bioecological Systems Theory of Development

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12
Q

In Bronfenbrenner’s Bioecological Systems Theory of Development, how many systems influence development, and what are they?

A

four systems influence development: microsystem, mesosystem, exosystem, and macrosystem.
(meso-small, meso-middle, exo-outside, marco-large)

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13
Q

Tell me about the microsystem.

A

layer that most directly impacts the child
family, peers, school, neighborhood
(involvement, support)

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14
Q

What’s important about the mesosystem?

A

interactions between elements in the microsystem

if elements work together, (ex: teachers and parents)

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15
Q

What accumulates the exosystem?

A

societal influences (parents, jobs, school systems, workplace conditions) that influence mico and mesosystem

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16
Q

What does the macrosystem envelope?

A

the cultures where a child develops which influences all other systems.

17
Q

What are some weaknesses of Bronfenbrenner’s Bioecological Systems Theory of Development?

A

downplaying the individuals’s cognitive thought plays in their development (think about themselves, their abilities, relationships with others)

18
Q

What are some strengths of Bronfenbrenner’s Bioecological Systems Theory of Development?

A

Helps up better understand differences in the students we observe and why home-school partnerships are so important and the value of involving the larger community in our children’s education.

19
Q

Neuroscience is the scientific study of…

A

the nervous system (including the brain, spinal cord, sensory organs and the nerves that connect them to the rest of the body.)

20
Q

What is the most complex organ in our body?

A

brain

21
Q

The brain has ________ which is the foundation of the nervous system and is the basic wiring of the brain.

A

electrical circuitry

22
Q

the brain makes it possible to ________ through language.

A

communicate

23
Q

____allows the exchange of information and advancement of knowledge.

A

language

24
Q

the brain tries to make sense of our experiences by instictively searching for ______

A

patterns

25
Q

The brain’s ability to change in structure in repsonse to events it encounters is called….

A

neruoplasticity.

26
Q

What does cortisol do to the brain?

A

hormone released in response to stress, which impairs brain circuits and changes the architecture of the brain

27
Q

_____ are the basic learning units of the brain that are central to cognitive development.

A

neurons

28
Q

What are the parts of a neuron?

A

axon, dendrites, synapses

29
Q

_____ are branches that extend from the cell body which send messages to other nerve cells.

A

axons

30
Q

____ are shorter branches that also extend from the cell body and receieve messages from other neurosn

A

dendrites

31
Q

_____ are tiny spaces between neurons that allow messages to be transmitted from one neuron to another.

A

synapses

Educational Psychology 250 (2 decks)

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