cognition midterm 1 EXPERIMENTS

Question 1

tolman’s rat maze

Answer 1

latent learning; cognitive maps; that learning is not just a change in behavior but a change in mental representations and acquiring new knowledge. the rate at which the rats that were presented with food at day 3 learned the map was far faster than those who were presented with food on the first day; behavior does not explain what was going on internally

Question 2

beep vs boop (erp)

Answer 2

evidence for early selection; couting targets in one ear and ignoring them in the other ear; attention influenced N1 ERP component (auditory info) which is early on; much larger signal for attended vs unattended at N1 which indicates that attention influences early on

Question 3

GC/GG/AA…

Answer 3

able to look at cost vs benefit (by type of signal: neutral, primed, misled) as well as repetition priming vs expectation-driven priming (by high or low validity); found bigger cost for expectation driven priming than for rep. priming, showing limited capacity

Question 4

multiple attention systems

Answer 4

gave profile on alerting, orienting, and executive control

Question 5

stroop

Answer 5

shows con to automatic/uncontrolled behavior- slower reaction time when you break the habit of simply identifying words

Question 6

dichotic listening

Answer 6

used to measure selective attention; participants can usually shadow 100% of unattended channel but are very insensitive to unattended channel; personally relevant info might “leak through”

Question 7

ponzo and muller-lyer illusions

Answer 7

evidence for late selection; when dots were arranged in the illusion pattern, participants were more likely to say the top lines were longer (going along w illusions) even though they couldn’t remember/report what the dots looked like; therefore, it was unconsciously processed and attention only affected what they remembered, not processed

Question 8

artifact vs natural experiment

Answer 8

evidence for late selection; task was to say whether target word was an artifact or a natural thing; even though they could not remember/report the prime, participants still had higher accuracy on artifact vs natural if the prime was the same word or category

Question 9

EEGs

Answer 9

instantaneous measure of when things happen in the brain; use brain waves or ERPs; as soon as they close their eyes, it shows alpha activity