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Foundations of Psychology > COGNITION & LANGUAGE > Flashcards

COGNITION & LANGUAGE Flashcards

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1
Q

What is a phoneme

A

Smallest unit of sound affecting speech

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2
Q

What is a Morpheme

A

Smallest unit of language that contains meaning

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3
Q

The capacity for limitless message creation is referred to

A

Generativity

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4
Q

What is Syntax

A

Rules for sentence structure

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5
Q

What is Semantics

A

Rules what words mean depending on where they are placed in a sentence

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6
Q

What is speech segmentation

A

The process of making sense of the blurred sounds of language using top-down processing that predicts what we are likely to hear which all happens outside of our awareness

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7
Q

What is Aphasia

A

brain damage affecting language abilities

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8
Q

When do infants begin to learn language

A

Immediately upon exposure long before they can talk

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9
Q

What are the infants stages of speech

A

Babbling
One word stage
Two word stage

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10
Q

What is the critical time for learning a first language

A

early childhood to puberty

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11
Q

To recognise words efficiently the person must process all letter information in ——————

A

parallel

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12
Q

What is dyslexia

A

difficulty with processing the visual skill of reading

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13
Q

what is the ideal age for learning a second language

A

3 to 7 years, especially for pronunciation. Children are not faster than adults but do find it easier

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14
Q

What is cognition

A

the mental processes at any one time including those outside of our awareness

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15
Q

What is thinking

A

manipulating mental representations or words for a purpose

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16
Q

Problem solving and reasoning are

A

effortful and require our full attention

17
Q

What are Heuristics

A

simple rules of thumb based on our experiences but don’t always provide the correct solution to the problem

18
Q

What is confirmation bias

A

Tendency to focus on information that support our beliefs

19
Q

What is Overconfidence

A

Propensity to overestimate their knowledge and correctness

20
Q

What is salience bias

A

rate likelihood based on how readily it comes to mind

21
Q

What is expertise

A

building schemas to quickly recognise patterns in the external world that require a particular response

22
Q

What is a script

A

It is a particular type of schema or framework for understanding a regular sequence of events

23
Q

What is HOT COGNIGTION

A

It is the Somatic Marker Hypothesis that says emotion has a positive role in decision making especially when the emotional or financial stakes are high. We are guided by how we felt in the past

Foundations of Psychology (5 decks)

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