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UM - Neuro 1 > Cognition, Arousal, Attention > Flashcards

Cognition, Arousal, Attention Flashcards

1
Q

Define cognition

A

Act or process of knowing, including awareness, reasoning, judgement, intuition and memory

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2
Q

Define arousal

A

Phsyiological readiness of the body for activity

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3
Q

Define alert

A

awake and attentive to stimuli

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4
Q

Define lethargic

A

Drowsy; may fall asleep if not stimulated

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5
Q

Define obtunded

A

Difficult to arouse; frequently confused when awake

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6
Q

Define Stupor

A

Responds to strong, noxious stimuli only; once stimulus stops pt returns to stupor

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7
Q

Define coma

A

State of arousal where pt is unable to be aroused

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8
Q

What are some ways you can try to wake a lethargic patient?

A
  • sternal rub
  • temperature difference
  • raise head of bed
  • auditory
  • touch
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9
Q

Define attention

A

Ability to select and attend to a specific stimulus while AT THE SAME TIME ignoring extraneous stimuli

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10
Q

What are the brain areas respoinsible for attention?

A
  • Reticular formation
  • Various sensory systems
  • Limbic system and frontal lobe
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11
Q

Define alternating attention

A

AKA Cognitive flexibility, the ability to move flexibly b/t tasks and respond appropriately to the demands of each

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12
Q

What are formal tests for cognition?

A
  • Mini-Cog
  • Mini-mental state exam (MMSE)
  • Montreal Cognitive Assessment
  • Trail Making Test A & B
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13
Q

What is a cognitive screen?

A

Asking orientation questions: name, date, where you are, situation

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14
Q

What is the Mini-Cog?

A

A screening tool for cognition that includes 3 word registration, clock drawing, and word recall w/score of 5 with <3 = dementia and <4 indicative of need for further testing

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15
Q

MMSE Scoring

A

Normal: 24-30
Mild impairment: 18-24
Severe impairment: 0-17

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16
Q

What are MMSE Correlated with? Why is this important?

A

Highly correlated w/baseline education scores and less correlated to actual mental capacities

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17
Q

Which cognitive test is better to use: MMSE or MoCA and why?

A

Montreal Cognitive Assessment because it is not based on prior level of education and has more emphasis on attention and executive function

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18
Q

Trail Making Test A & B

A

Test for cognition that tests visual attention and task switching

19
Q

Define dysarthria

A

disorder of speech production

20
Q

What are some ways to analyze communication

A

Dysarthria, aphasia, speech intelligibility, articulation

21
Q

What muscles are responsible for speech production?

A

Lungs
Trachea
Larynx
Pharynx
Nose
Mouth

22
Q

What do they mm of speech production also play a role in?

A

Swallowing

23
Q

Difference b/t mild and severe dysarthria?

A

Mild: imprecise
Severe: totally unintelligible

24
Q

What is the goal of treatment of dysarthria?

A

Improve communication and intelligibility

25
Q

What is fluent aphasia

A

Speech produced at normal rate and flow (receptive aphasia: can not understand language, but language expression is “intact”)

26
Q

What is on-fluent aphasia

A

Increased effort to produce speech; hesitant or awkward (Expressive: Can understand language but cannot express language)

27
Q

What is global aphasia

A

features of both receptive and expressive aphasia

28
Q

Would Broca’s aphasia be classified as nonfluent or fluent aphasia?

A

Nonfluent aphasia where language comprehension is still intact

29
Q

Which type of aphasia is global aphasia?

A

A nonfluent aphasia where language comprehension is also impaired

30
Q

Which type of aphasia is conduction aphasia?

A

Fluent aphasia where language comprehension is relatively intact

31
Q

Which type of aphasia is wernicke’s aphasia?

A

Fluent aphasia where language comprehension is impaired

32
Q

What is transcortical motor aphasia?

A

Nonfluent aphasia where language comprehension is relatively intact characterized by: Strong repetition skills; may have difficulty spontaneously answering questions

33
Q

What is anomic aphasia?

A

Fluent aphasia where language comprehension is relatively intact characterized by: repetition of words/phrases good, but word finding is hard and uses generic titles or circumlocution

34
Q

What is transcortical sensory aphasia?

A

A fluent aphasia where language comprehension is impaired characterized by repetition of words/phrases good, but may just repeat questions rather than answering them

35
Q

List the components of an aphasia assessment

A

Auditory comprehension
Verbal expression
Social communication
Reading comprehension
Written expression
Multimodal communication

36
Q

What is the impact of mild aphasia?

A
  • trouble understanding long messages
  • need extra time to understand and respond to spoken messages
  • difficulty finding words
  • putting words in wrong order/use wrong word
  • difficulty responding to questions on the spot
37
Q

What is the impact of severe aphasia?

A

Trouble understanding spoken messages
- may be unreliable in responding to “yes”/”no” Ws
- may not be aware of their own errors
- may use a combo of words and jargon that is not understood by others

38
Q

What can I do to communicate effectively with someone that has aphasia?

A
  • maintain eye contact
  • use shorter, less complex sentences
  • dec. distractions
  • use gestures to assist in comm
  • repeat when necessary
  • don’t assume person understands you
  • don’t guess at content too soon
39
Q

How to assess dysphagia?

A

Bedside swallow exam
Modified barium swallowing study

40
Q

What does the SLP do for language?

A
  • naming and improving fluency
  • strategies to compensate
  • articulations; HEP for tongue and facial mm
41
Q

What does an SLP do for cognition?

A
  • recognize safety concerns
  • training attn and other executive function sklls
42
Q

What does an SLP do for dysphagia?

A

Strategies to improve swallowing

43
Q

What does an OT do to help Neuro Deficits?

A
  • helps cognition as it pertains to function
  • Sequencing of ADLs
  • Help w/IADLs
  • role in perception and visual-perceptual deficits
44
Q

What is the role of neuropsych with these patients

A
  • Indepth testing of cognitive functions
  • role in adjustment to illness/disability

UM - Neuro 1 (7 decks)

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