Cognition

Question 1

The Pinna

Answer 1

The outer ear

Question 2

The typanic membrane

Answer 2

The ear drum

Question 3

-Hammer
-Anvil
-Stirrup

Answer 3

Ossicles

Question 4

Receives sound vibrations from the ossicles

Answer 4

Oval window

Question 5

Receptor cells in the cochlea

Answer 5

Hair cells

Question 6

The nerve that carries sound information from the ears or he temporal lobes of the brain

Answer 6

Auditory Nerve

Question 7

-A tube that connects the middle ear to the back of the nose
-It equalizes pressure between your nose and the air outside

Answer 7

Eustachian Tube

Question 8

Organs in the inner ear used in sensing body orientation and balance (vestibular sense)

Answer 8

Semicircular canals

Question 9

-Relies on fluid in the semi circular canals of the inner ear
-Spinning in circles disrupts the fluid

Answer 9

Vestibular sense

Question 10

The process by which our sensory system and nervous system receive stimuli from the environment

Answer 10

Sensation

Question 11

5 senses

Answer 11

-Visual (eyes)
-Audio (ears)
-Cutaneous/tactile (touch)
-Olfacation (smell) (nose)
-Gustation (taste) (tongue)

Question 12

-The process of organizing & interpreting sensory information
-How we recognize, interpret, & organize our sensations

Answer 12

Perception

Question 13

-Information processing that focuses on raw material entering through the eyes, ears, & other organs of sensation

Answer 13

Bottom-up processing

Question 14

-Information processing that focuses on expectations & experiences in interpreting incoming sensory info

Answer 14

Top-down processing

Question 15

-An edge or a boundary
-For sensations, it is the point where you either sense a stimulus or dont

Answer 15

Absolute Threshold

Question 16

-The minimum difference that a person can detect between 2 stimulus 50% of the time

Answer 16

Just Noticeable Difference

Question 17

-The greater the magnitude of the original stimulus, the larger the difference must be in order to get noticed

Answer 17

Webers law

Question 18

-Focusing conscious awareness on a particular stimulus to the exclusion of others
-The ability to focus on one stimulus at a time
-Allows a person to function in a world filled with many stimuli

Answer 18

Selective attention

Question 19

-Cones are pre-set to be sensitive to red, green, & blue. All the colors that we see are combinations of those 3 colors

Answer 19

The Trichromatic Theory

Question 20

-Color blindness is due to a lack of one of the 3 types of cones
-Usually the red or green receptors are missing
-It is inherited

Answer 20

Dichromatism

Question 21

When a person has 1 or no functioning cones in their eyes (complete color blindness)

Answer 21

Monochromatism

Question 22

-Explains after images
-Sensory receptors in the retina come in pairs:
> Red and green
> Yellow and blue
> Black and white
Only one side is on at a time

Answer 22

Opponent process theory

Question 23

-A sounds highness and lowness in tone
-Dependent on the frequency of the sound wave
The higher the frequency the higher the ___

Answer 23

Pitch

Question 24

-Different frequencies in sound waves cause vibrations at different places Places in the cochlea

Answer 24

Place Theory

Question 25

-Different frequency of the sound vibrates the inner ear at a different rates. The vibrations equal the frequency of the sound waves

Answer 25

Frequency Theory

Question 26

-There is a limit to how fast hairs on a neuron can fire
-To hear really high frequencies, hair cells take turns firing so that while some are recharging, other cells are firing

Answer 26

Volley Theory

Question 27

-Middle ear damage

Answer 27

Conduction deafness

Question 28

-Hair cell or auditory nerve damage

Answer 28

Nerve deafness

Question 29

-The system for sensing the position & movement of individual body parts

Answer 29

Kinesthetic sense

Question 30

Taste sensations

Answer 30

-Sweet
-Sour
-salty
-bitter
-umami

Question 31

Skin senses

Answer 31

-Pain
-Warmth
-Cold
-Pressure

Question 32

-Pain messages travel on one set of nerve fibers containing pain gates
-The gas are open when pain is felt
-Other sensory messages go through another set of fibers
-The non-pain fibers can close the pain gates to stop the sense of pain

Answer 32

Gate Control Theory

Question 33

-Focusing on a specific piece of information or stimulus while actively ignoring other irrelevant stimuli present in the environment

Answer 33

Selective attention

Question 34

We perceive images as a group or whole objects not isolated elements

Answer 34

Gestalt Psychology

Question 35

Factors that influence how we will group objects

Answer 35

-Closure
-Proximity
-Similarity

Question 36

Smaller images are more distant

Answer 36

Relative size

Question 37

Coarse > close
Fine > distant

Answer 37

Texture gradient

Question 38

A closer object blocks a more distant object

Answer 38

Interposition/overlap

Question 39

Hazy objects are seen as more distant
Lighter objects seem closer
Darker objects seem farther away

Answer 39

Relative Clarity

Question 40

Parallel lines meet with distance

Answer 40

Linear perspective

Question 41

-Closer objects seem to move faster than farther objects

Answer 41

Relative motion/motion parallax

Question 42

Eyes move inward for near objects

Answer 42

Convergence

Question 43

Images from 2 eyes differ

Answer 43

Binocular disparity

Question 44

-A perceptual phenomenon that occurs when a change in your visual stimulus is introduced and it goes unnoticed

Answer 44

Change blindness

Question 45

The failure to notice something unexpected in your field of vision because you are not looking for it

Answer 45

Inattentional blindness