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Psychology > Cog LOA Names > Flashcards

Cog LOA Names Flashcards

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1
Q

Wilhelm Wundt *

A

(1879) The Father of Psychology, a structuralist who opened the 1st psych lab and the 1st school of psych. One of the 1st to study thought processes scientifically. Very introspective.

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2
Q

William James

A

A Functionalist w/ Darwin who believed the way people act is due to behaviorism.

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3
Q

Wolfgang Kohler

A

Psychoanalyst -> behaviourist. wanted to see ape thought process. experimented w/ ape Sultan. Cage, short stick, long stick, banana in sight. “Aha moment”. Problem solving by thinking.

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4
Q

Sir Frederick Bartlett*

A

Serial Reproduction, “War of the Ghosts”, 4 C’s (concise, coherent, conventional, cliche)

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5
Q

George Miller*

A

Short Term Memory has limited capacity, magic number 7+-2, chunking.

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6
Q

E.C. Tolman

A

cognitive maps. do you know where you are in your environment.

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7
Q

Noam Chomsky

A

L.A.D. how do babies say something they’ve never heard before? Cog LOA. Transactionalism

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8
Q

*Hermann Ebbinghaus

A

Forgetting curve w/ nonsense syllables (no meaning/visualization)

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9
Q

*Elizabeth Loftus

A

eyewitness memory. “Memory is Malleable”. car crash video. people and memory are open to suggestion. memory can be altered after event occurs.

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10
Q

*Craik and Lockhart

A

Elaborate rehearsal. Semantics, visualization, repetition.

Levels of processing.

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11
Q

Aaron Beck

A

CBT. Cognitive behavioral therapy. Distorted thoughts cause problems

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12
Q

Albert Ellis

A

RET. ABC’s &D’s. Activating event. Belief faulty. Consequences. Disputation.

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13
Q

Endel Tulving

A

Episodic memory is unique. Not semantic.

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14
Q

*Walter Mischel

A

Marshmallow challenge. 1 now, 2 later. Delayed v. Immediate gratification.

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15
Q

Leonard Berkowitz

A

Frustration/ agression hypothesis

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16
Q

*Leon Festinger

A

Cognitive dissonance.
When attitudes/ beliefs conflict with actions/ reality. Cult: when can’t change reality. Change beliefs. College movie: $1 + 90 min + bad movie= not so bad. Same +$20 = awful

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17
Q

Jean Piaget

A

Cognitive development.

Schema: plan for knowing

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18
Q

*Lawrence Kohlberg

A

Moral revolution/dilemma
72 boys. Age 10,13,16. Asked dilemma Q’s for qualitative answers. Why not what. Moral Development : 3 levels 6 stages preconventional, conventional, post conventional. Avoid punish. Personal gain. Good girl(social approval). Law+order(duty). Social contract. Universal altruism

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19
Q

Hans Eysenck

A

IQ differences could depend on STM capacity

20
Q

Sir Francis Galton

A

1800’s. Eugenics. Intelligence in heritable.

21
Q

Stanley Schachter

A

2 factor theory of emotion. Cognitive appraisal

22
Q

Joyce Sprafkin

A

Priming, TV, pro social behaviors. Altruism

23
Q

Lev Vygotsky

A

ZPD. Zone proximal development. Gap between what you learn by yourself and what you learn from a teacher. Piaget of Russia.

24
Q

Jerome Bruner

A

Cognitive revolution. Input of culture. Transactionalism.

25
Q

*Anderson and Pichert

A

How schema affects memory. House buyer v. burglar. 7.1% increase memory with 2 schemes v. 1.

26
Q

*Atkinson and Shiffrin

A

Multi-store memory model: sensory, STM, LTM

27
Q

*Baddeley and Hitch

A
  1. Working memory model. Central executive –>phonological loop, episodic buffer, visuospatial sketchpad –> long term storage memory
28
Q

Eric Kandel

A

Nobel prize for realizing every time you learn anything, your brain changes

29
Q

*Michael Cole

A

The KPELLE tribe (Africa). Educated v. Uneducated memory. Not everyone uses memory the same way. Chunking v. narrative

30
Q

Sigmund Freud

A

Repression

31
Q

*Joseph Ledoux

A

2 biological pathways to amygdala. Long and short. Short: thalamus-> amygdala. Long: thalamus->frontal (think)-> emotion

32
Q

Richard Lazarus

A

Cognitive appraisal. Primary and secondary. Does it affect me? How will I handle it?

33
Q

Ulric Neisser

A

Big opponent of flashbulb memory. Argues it’s not accurate or special. But due to repetition.

34
Q

*Brown and Kulik

A

Flashbulb memory. Special high emotion very accurate memory. Connection with amygdala.

35
Q

Clive wearing and HM

A

CW: most extensive case of retrograde and anterograde amnesia ever seen. From encephalitis.
HM: mostly anterograde amnesia. From dumb doctors operating on head after injury (9yo). Hippocampus removed.

36
Q

*Gary Wells

A

Effect of affirmation on eyewitness memory. The innocence project. bomb video, affirmed v. not.

37
Q

*Godden and Baddeley

A

Scuba divers. Context dependent memory. 40%

38
Q

*Speisman et al.

A

A: effect of appraisal on emotion. M: showed traditional surgery vids w/ dif soundtracks. Trauma, science, denial, control. F: appraisal more important than actual event.

39
Q

*Bransford and Johnson

A

Kite schema

40
Q

James McGaugh

A

HSAM: highly superior autobiographical memory

41
Q

*Peterson and Peterson

A

Short term memory w/ trigrams. 3 second intervals over 18 seconds. @3 80% retention. @18 10% retention

42
Q

*Brewer and Treyens

A

Office schema. See what you expect to notice

43
Q

Yuille and Cutshall

A

Argues ecological validity of Loftus’ experiment.

44
Q

James-Lange theory of emotion

A

Emotions are a result of physiological reactions to events.

45
Q

Cannon-Bard theory of emotion

A

Emotions and bodily changes are not cause and effect. They occur simultaneously following a stimulating event.

46
Q

Holmberg and Holmes

A

Studied married couples just after and 2 years after marriage. Strong couples didn’t remember early problems. Difficult couples remember all the earlier problems. 1994

Psychology (5 decks)

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