coffee Flashcards
what are the three methods of cleaning a bean and briefly explain
Dry Method: whole coffee cherries are spread across a surface, such as concrete patios or raised mesh nets, to dry in the sun. Dry processing may lead to uneven drying, with fungal problems and unwanted fermentations occurring, but in the right conditions it can produce coffees of rich sweetness, full body, viscosity, and earth tones.
Wet Method: Washed (wet method) the pulp is removed from the beans immediately after harvest, and the beans are “fermented” to eliminate the remaining mucilage. Prior to export, the coffee is cleaned and cured to remove the parchment layer. In humid climates, where dry processing may be uneven, coffee farms often opt for the wet method, but it is drastically more expensive and it produces significant wastewater.
Semi-Washed Method: Semi-washed coffee beans are separated from the cherry immediately, but workers then dry the beans for a short period of time, rather than allowing them to ferment in water. The semi-dried beans are generally washed to remove the mucilage, and then dried again to remove the parchment layer.
How is a bean decaffeinated?
The Swiss Water Method is the currently preferred means of decaffeination as the process relies only on hot water, charcoal filters and steam to remove 99.9% of the bean’s caffeine. Other modern processes utilize carbon dioxide, ethyl acetate, and methylene chloride as solvents. The original, discontinued means of decaffeinating coffee, patented in Germany in 1906, utilized the toxic petrochemical benzene.
Name types of of Light Roasts
Cinnamon Roast
New England Roast
City Roast
Name flavor profiles for Light, Medium, and Dark roasts.
Common Aromas of Light Roasts: flowers, citrus fruits, passion fruit, grass, hay
Common Aromas of Medium Roasts: red and black fruits, chocolate, caramel
Common Aromas of Dark Roasts: smoke, walnut, ash, spice, grilled bread
Name types of Medium Roasts
Full City Roast
Vienna/Continental Roast
Types of Dark Roasts
Italian and French Roasts
Spanish Roast
Italian/Espresso
What is roasting
When a green been is roasted between 380-480 degrees to bring out oils in the been and create a desired flavor
What is second crack verse first crack
Carbon dioxide gas forms within the bean, and builds up after the First Crack just as steam pressure did beforehand. If the beans continue to roast, they will undergo a “Second Crack”, as the gas finally escapes with audible warning. Second Crack begins to occur at approximately 450° F, but some roasters choose not to allow beans to reach this stage, as the roast flavor at Second Crack may begin to dominate the inherent flavor of the bean.
Brewing should commence when the water is between __° and __° F
195° and 204° F
Who is credited with the invention of the espresso machine—his “Tipo Gigante,” in 1901.
Milanese Luigi Bezzera
Who founded Illy?
In 1933, Francesco Illy founded “illycaffè” in Trieste, now a household name in espresso throughout Europe.
Who is Antonia Gaggia?
In the late 1940s, Antonio Gaggia revolutionized the making of espresso with his piston-driven “Classica”, a new machine that operated by water pressure rather than steam pressure
What is the desired final temperature for steamed milk?
125°-150° F (start with cold milk when steaming)
What and when were the worlds first fair trade certification mark?
In 1988, a development agency in the Netherlands teamed with a group of coffee roasters to appropriate the name of the novel’s protagonist for the “Max Havelaar Quality Mark”—the world’s first Fair Trade Certification Mark.
Explain fair trade?
The Fair Trade concept attempts to ensure coffee farmers a better wage and insulate them from coffee’s boom and bust cycle by establishing a stable, minimum price. Co-operatives produce Fair Trade coffee, and may democratically choose to improve education, healthcare, and other necessities of life with their profits. Fair Trade certification attempts to address the inequalities of life and wage for farmers, but it does not promise sustainability or imply organic farming.
