Cofactors, Coenzymes and Inhibitors Flashcards
What is a cofactor?
Non-protein inorganic molecules or ions that help the enzyme and substrate bind together more easily.
What is an example of a cofactor in real life?
Chloride ions are cofactors for amylase.
What doesn’t happen to cofactors in a reaction?
Changed or used up
When does a cofactor get called a prosthetic group?
If the cofactor is permanently bound to an enzyme.
What is an example of a prosthetic group in real life?
ZN2+ ions are a prosthetic group for carbonic anhydrase in red blood cells.
What is a coenzyme?
Organic molecules that act as a second substrate.
What happens to the coenzymes in a reaction?
They are changed by the reaction.
What are coenzymes used for?
Carry chemicals between different enzymes.
Are coenzymes used up in reactions?
No-they are continually recycled.
Where are many coenzymes derived from?
Vitamins.
What are inhibitors?
Molecules that can bind to an enzyme and prevent it from working.
What are the two types of inhibitors?
-Competitive
-Non-competitive
What are competitive inhibitors?
Molecules with a similar shape to the substrate that blocks the active site.
What are non-competitive inhibitors?
Bind to an enzyme away from the active site which changes the shape of the enzyme so the substrate no longer fits.
What is the other site called in non-competitive inhibitors?
Allosteric site
When does an Allosteric Site occur?
When the non-competitive enzyme bonds away from the active site.