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Biology Final Exam > Coelomates > Flashcards

Coelomates Flashcards

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1
Q

Coelomates

A

animals that have a true body cavity within their mesoderm, contains most body systems, acts as a support structure

Protostomes: Mollusca, Nemertea, Annelida, Arthropoda
Deuterostomes: Echinodermata, Chordata

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2
Q

Phylum Mollusca

A

snails, slugs, bivalves (clams, mussels), chitons,
cephalopods (octopus, squid, cuttlefish, nautilus)

use sexual reproduction

found in terrestrial and aquatic (freshwater & marine) systems

Coelomate, Bilateral, Protostome, non-segmented

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3
Q

How does Phylum Mollusca feed?

A

Most have a true or modified RADULA for feeding (not including cone snails, others)

Squids and Octopi: beaks (modified radula) used for feeding

Cone snails: also have modified radula –as toxin-filled harpoon

Bivalvia(clams/mussels): use filter feeding(they pump water into their shell using specialized muscles; then filter organic matter particles as they draw water into their shells)

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4
Q

Bivalvia

A

under Phylum Mollusca, include –clams, mussels,
scallops, oysters

Reproduction is complex, mussels use Glochidia(that attach to fish &
amphibian gills as parasites on blood; Once developed, they drop off the host fish and develop into an adult)

Some mussels use lures to get fish in close to blast glochidia at their gills

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5
Q

Chitons

A

Mollusca living in marine environments; have dorsal plates, ventral foot, radula, and mouth

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6
Q

Gastropoda

A

group under phylum Mollusca

snails, slugs, sea slugs; freshwater, marine,
terrestrial; predators, herbivores, Omnivores, detritivores (which each dead organic matter)

Extensive sensory systems for chemosensory and vibration detection

Hermaphrodites – same individual produces egg/sperm; alternately inseminate each other

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7
Q

Nudibranchs(sea slugs)

A

under Phylum Mollusca

sea slugs – marine environs.

herbivores, carnivores

accumulate toxins, nematocysts, &chloroplasts from their food – and
integrate these into their skin & defense systems

includes examples of Blue Dragon Nudibranch

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8
Q

Cephalopoda

A

Under Phylum Mollusca

marine habitat; primarily predators; change color (chromatophores)
and shape, excellent senses, very intelligent

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9
Q

Phylum Nemertea

A

RIBBON WORMS; marine predators

Bilateral, Coelomate, Protostomes, non-segmented

primarily marine in distribution (coral reefs, deep ocean, intertidal), a few freshwater and terrestrial species

predators: Feed using projectile proboscis (nose) that either injects prey with toxin (or sticks to them) and then moves prey into their mouth

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10
Q

Phylum Annelida

A

bristleworms, tubeworms, earthworms, leeches

predators, herbivores, detritivores, parasites

freshwater, marine, terrestrial

coelomate, protostome, bilateria, segmented

ALL HAVE: 1) bodies with repeated segments, each with excretory system, ability to move; 2) circulatory and nervous systems span ALL segments (nutrients & neuron-dependent signals passed to whole organism)

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11
Q

Two Major Groups of Phylum Annelida

A

Class Clitellata and Class Polychaeta

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12
Q

Class Clitellata

A

include earthworms, leeches; have FEW hairs or setae on body; have clitellum (unique reproductive organ)

primarily terrestrial, few freshwater; detritivores (very important in
producing soil);

ALL hermaphrodites –exchange sperm during mating with another individual, leading to fertilization of each of their sets of eggs; some used(leeches) for medicinal purposes

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13
Q

Class Polychaeta

A

include bristleworms, tubeworms; have MANY hairs or setae
on body; no clitellum

some mobile, others sessile; found in all marine habitats, few freshwater spp.; coral reefs, sand, deep ocean, hydrothermal vents

important in food web as predators, detritivores, breaking down organic matter; also important as prey

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14
Q

Tubeworms as Symbiont

A

Mutualism (+,+) between tubeworms and bacteria makes it possible for them to live there; tubeworm fans collect O2, CO2, and hydrogen
sulfide, which their symbiotic bacteria use for energy/carbon; worm gets ALL of their energy and nutrients from bacteria

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15
Q

Christmas Tree Worms

A

in Class Polychaeta from Phylum Annelida; marine –coral reefs

tube-building worms, do not move once they have drilled hole into coral

detritivores that filter particles out of water using the fans (“trees”); fans also used for respiration

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16
Q

Bone-eating snot flowers

A

in class Polychaeta under Phylum Annelida

polychaete worms that get their carbon, nutrients, and energy from fats/lipids in bones of deep-sea carcasses (like whales); discovered in 2002

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17
Q

Phylum Arthropoda

A

coelomate, protostome, Bilateral, segmented

largest animal phylum

mostly insects, also arachnids, crustaceans, millipedes, centipedes

predators, parasites, herbivores, detritivores

terrestrial, marine, freshwater

18
Q

What combined characteristics make an arthropod?

A

exoskeleton, jointed appendages, and segmentation

Most arthropods have three body Segments (head, thorax, abdomen); Arachnids and Crustaceans have Two segments…with the head & thorax fused into cephalothorax, and Their abdomen; A few have many segments…e.g., centipedes and millipedes

ALL grow within life stages and metamorphose between life stages (e.g., larvae to adult; major change in morphology/body function); all increase in size occurs through MOLTING –shedding old exoskeleton

19
Q

Two major groups of Arthropoda based upon mouthparts

A

Chelicerate (e.g., spiders)
– jaw has pincer-like fangs

Mandibulate (e.g., insects, others)
– jaw is composed of mandibles

20
Q

Chelicerata

A

group under phylum Arthropoda, jaw has pincer-like fangs

spiders(Sexual size Dimorphism common in arachnids), scorpions, daddy long-legs, ticks, mites, horseshoe crabs; 8-leg, no antennae; predators, parasites, detritivores

21
Q

Class Hexapoda

A

under Phylum Arthropoda

PRIMARILY INSECTS; freshwater, terrestrial; detritivores, predators, herbivores; omnivores, parasites; 6-legged; all have antennae

flies, beetles, butterflies, moths, wasps, bees, and ants

22
Q

Metamorphosis

A

transformation of body to new life stage; common to all insects(larval stage, resting stage, adult stage)

23
Q

Class Chilopoda

A

under Phylum Arthropoda

centipedes – one pair legs/segment; terrestrial predators, venomous

24
Q

Class Diplopoda

A

under Phylum Arthropoda

millipedes– two pairs legs/segment; terrestrial detritivores, produce chemicals to avoid being eaten

25
Q

Class Crustacea

A

crabs, crayfish, barnacles, lobsters, isopods, roly-polies (potato/pill bugs), copepods, Daphnia

marine, freshwater, terrestrial

detritivores, predators, herbivores, omnivores, parasites

26
Q

Class Echinodermata

A

coelomate, BILATERAL, DEUTEROSTOMES NOT segmented

starfish, sea urchins, sea cucumbers, sand dollars

marine predators/detritivores/herbivores

Larvae have bilateral symmetry…which is why echinoderms are NOT
defined as radial in their symmetry

have TUBE FEET

27
Q

Tube Feet

A

that use water vascular system to maintain form/function (hydrostatic force); can be sensory, some are used for movement, others often for foraging

starfish use tube feet to create static pressure to pry open prey!!!

28
Q

Phylum Chordata

A

coelomate, Bilateral symmetry, segmented, DEUTEROSTOMES

predators, parasites, herbivores, detritivores, omnivores

terrestrial, marine, freshwater

in all chordates, growth occurs through Biomass increase (we just get bigger –gain weight/size –NO MOLT); have endoskeleton (internal), NOT exoskeleton (external)

includes tunicates/sea squirts (Urochordata), lancelets (Cephalochordata), and VERTEBRATES (Vertebrata)

29
Q

Four key Characteristics of Phylum Chordata

A

notochord (stiff, flexible rod –beginnings of spinal cord)

dorsal hollow nerve tube(start of central nervous system)

pharyngeal gill slits (associated with respiration)

post-anal tail (muscular, for movement)

30
Q

Tunicates, sea squirts vs lancelets

A

tunicates are marine in distribution –move as larvae, not as adults

lancelets are mobile as larvae & adults

BOTH are filter/suspension feeders that pump water through filtering
structures to get organic matter particles for nutrients and energy

31
Q

What characteristics separate Vertebrates from other chordates?

A

Cranium (protective covering for brain and sensory systems)

Vertebral column (structure/support for muscles/body; protects nervous system)

32
Q

Who are Vertebrates?

A

Fish(ray-finned fishes, sharks, rays, skates, hagfishes, lampreys), amphibians, reptiles(snakes, lizards); birds, and mammals

33
Q

Jawless fishes(Cl. Agnatha)

A

Earliest Vertebrates were FISH

Lampreys: marine/freshwater parasites, feed on particles

hagfish: marine/freshwater scavenge on dead organisms

34
Q

Cartilaginous fishes (Cl. Chondrichthyes)

A

– sharks, skates, rays, chimaeras

Jaws evolved (greatly increasedfeeding and respiratory efficiency)

35
Q

Cl. Osteichthyes

A

bony fishes: Bony tissue evolved (enhancedskeletal support)

36
Q

Class Amphibians

A

includes frogs, toads, salamanders, newts, caecilians
– aquatic & terrestrial habitats

– breathe through their moist skin

– most lay eggs in water (require moisture)

– have aquatic larval forms (tadpoles)

– ORIGINS OF LIFE ON LAND start here..

37
Q

Trait shared by fish and amphibians

A

All fish and amphibians have non-amniotic eggs: Means they have to stay in water/moisture –because they have no protection from drying out or damage

38
Q

Vertebrate Amniotic Egg

A

Multiple extra membranes, shell…surrounding embryo

Amnion: protective membrane that protects embryos(can reproduce outside the water)

even aquatic amniotes (e.g., sea turtles) lay eggs on land

shared by all vertebrates except fish and amphibians

39
Q

Reptiles

A

turtles, snakes, lizards, crocodilians (Cl. Reptilia); ectothermic (rely on external heat sources); stratum corneum (scales, outer covering)

40
Q

birds

A

Cl. Aves – feathers and hollow bones, endothermic (producing own heat)

41
Q

Mammals: Cl. Mammalia

A

hair and lactation (milk production) set them apart
– endothermic (producing own heat)

Biology Final Exam (8 decks)

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