Codon Unit 1

Question 1

Which of the following best describes a characteristic of science?

Answer 1

Science focuses exclusively on the natural world.

Question 2

Which of the following statements best describes the process of science?

Answer 2

The process of science is iterative and unpredictable.

Question 3

What is the role of interactions within the scientific community in the process of science?

Answer 3

To enhance the accuracy and usefulness of scientific descriptions.

Question 4

Which of the following hypotheses is testable by using the scientific method?

Answer 4

Bees can see ultraviolet light that humans cannot

Question 5

What distinguishes theories from hypotheses in science?

Answer 5

Theories are concise and broadly applicable, while hypotheses are narrow explanations.

Question 6

Which phase of the cell cycle involves DNA replication?

Answer 6

S phase

Question 7

What would be a potential consequence of a mutation at the p53 gene?

Answer 7

mutant p53 proteins would not function as tumor suppressors

Question 8

During which phase of the cell cycle does cytokinesis occur?

Answer 8

Mitotic phase

Question 9

What is the role of the G2 checkpoint in the cell cycle?

Answer 9

Verify that all chromosomes have been replicated and are undamaged.

Question 10

Which types of genes, when mutated, become oncogenes and cause a cell to become cancerous?

Answer 10

Proto-oncogenes

Question 11

Which of the following best describes the genome organization in prokaryotes?

Answer 11

Single circular DNA molecule stored in the nucleoid.

Question 12

During which phase of mitosis do the sister chromatids separate and move towards opposite poles of the cell?

Answer 12

Anaphase

Question 13

In animal cells, which structure forms during cytokinesis to initiate the physical separation of the cytoplasm?

Answer 13

Cleavage furrow

Question 14

What would be the result of cells undergoing mitosis but did not replicate their chromosomes first?

Answer 14

Daughter cells with half the original number of chromosomes

Question 15

What is the primary feature that distinguishes somatic cells from germline cells in terms of their genome?

Answer 15

Somatic cells have multiple copies of each gene

Question 16

What is the primary role of hydrogen bonds in DNA?

Answer 16

Stabilizing the double-stranded structure.

Question 17

Which components make up a nucleotide?

Answer 17

Nitrogenous base, pentose sugar, and phosphate group

Question 18

An analysis of a DNA molecule revealed it is composed of 31% thymine nucleotides. What is the percentage of A, G, and C? Analy 31% T

Answer 18

31% A, 19% G, and 19% C

Question 19

Given the following strand of DNA, what would be the complementary strand? Strand: 5’ AGTTCCGGACAATCTG 3’

Answer 19

3’ TCAAGGCCTGTTAGAC 5’

Question 20

The work of this person was crucial, using x-ray crystallography that led to the discovery of the structure of DNA.

Answer 20

Rosalind Franklin

Question 21

In families where both parents are heterozygous for a recessive trait, what is the probability of their having a child with the homozygous dominant genotype?

Answer 21

0.25

Question 22

An allele is considered dominant if:

Answer 22

Only one copy is needed to see the associated phenotype

Question 23

Imagine a set of genes controlling hair color and finger webbing in merpeople. For the hair color gene, the dominant allele (G) produces green hair and the recessive allele (g) produces blue hair. For the finger webbing gene, webbed fingers (F) is dominant and unwebbed fingers is recessive (f). A mermaid who is heterozygous for hair color and who had unwebbed fingers had a father with blue hair and webbed fingers and a mother with green hair and webbed fingers. What was the genotype of the mermaid’s mother (as completely as possible)?

Answer 23

The mother must be heterozygous at the finger webbing gene (Ff) but could be either homozygous or heterozygous at the hair color gene (GG or Gg)

Question 24

Cystic fibrosis is a disease in humans that follows an autosomal recessive pattern of inheritance and is caused by mutations in a single gene. An unaffected couple has two children. The first child has cystic fibrosis and the second child is unaffected. The genotype of the father…

Answer 24

Cc

Question 25

In families where both parents are heterozygous for a recessive trait, what is the probability of their having a child with the homozygous recessive genotype?

Answer 25

0.25