coding, capacity and duration Flashcards

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1
Q

who researched coding?

A

Baddeley (1966)

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2
Q

outline Baddeley’s procedure

A

acoustically similar words ( cat, can, cab) or dissimilar (pit, few cow)
semantically similar words (big, large, huge) or dissimilar (good, huge, hot)

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3
Q

what were Baddeley’s findings

A

immediate recall was worse with acoustically similar words - STM is acoustic
recall after 20 mins was worse with semantically similar words - LTM is semantic

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4
Q

one strength of Baddeley’s research (coding)

A

-identified 2 memory stores
-led to the development of the multistore model

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5
Q

one limitation of Baddeley’s research (coding)

A

-artificial stimuli
-words had no personal meaning to the PPs so has limited application to everyday

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6
Q

who researched capacity? - digit span

A

Jacobs (1887)

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7
Q

outline Jacobs research

A

researcher reads 4 words and increases until the PP cant recall the order correctly final number= digit span

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8
Q

what were Jacobs findings?

A

mean span for numbers = 9.3
mean span for letters is = 7.3

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9
Q

one strength of Jacobs research

A

-replicated
- findings consistent with later studies

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10
Q

one limitation of Jacobs research

A

lacked adequate control of confounding variables ( pps getting distracted)

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11
Q

who researched capacity? (magic number)

A

Miller (1956)

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12
Q

outline Miller’s procedure

A

observed everyday practice and found things come in 7s

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13
Q

what were Miller’s findings?

A

span of STM is 7 items (+-2) but can be increased by chunking

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14
Q

one limitation of Miller’s study

A

-overestimates STM capacity
- Cowen (2001) - capacity is only 4 chunks

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15
Q

who researched the duration of STM

A

Peterson and Peterson (1959)

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16
Q

outline the Peterson’s procedure

A

24 students given a consonant syllable to recall and a 3 digit number to count back from to stop rehearsal - retention interval was varied

17
Q

what were the Peterson’s findings

A

3 secs = 80%
18 secs = 3%
duration of STM is 18 secs with no rehearsal

18
Q

one limitation of The Peterson’s study (duration)

A

-meaningless stimuli
recall of consonant syllables doesn’t reflect everyday tasks
-lacks external validity

19
Q

who researched the duration of LTM ?

A

Bahrick et al (1975)

20
Q

outline Bahrick’s procedure

A
  • 392 americans aged 17-74
  • 1) recognition test from 50 photos from yearbook
  • 2) free recall test list names of their graduation clas
21
Q

what were Bahrick’s findings?

A
  • recognition test
    15 years = 90%
    48 years = 70%
  • free recall test
    15 years = 60%
    48 years = 30%
22
Q

one strength of Bahrick’s study (duration)

A

-high external validity
- used meaningful memories