Coding AO1 + AO3

Question 1

what is coding?

Answer 1

the format in which information is stored in the various memory stores

Question 2

what type of coding are STM and LTM?

Answer 2

short term memory = acoustic

long term memory = semantic

Question 3

FINDINGS Alan Baddeley 1966

Answer 3

suggests that information is coded acoustically in STM and semantically in LTM

Question 4

PROCEDURE

Answer 4

- gave different lists of words to 4 groups of ppts to remember: 
group 1 = acoustically similar  
2 = acoustically dissimilar 
3 = semantically similar 
4 = semantically dissimilar 

• ppts were shown the original words and asked them to recall them in the correct order
• did the task immediately, recalling from STM
• they did worse with acoustically similar words
• ltm (20 minutes) they did worse with semantically similar words)

Question 5

AO3 why is `an artificial stimulus a limitation for this study?

Answer 5

• the word list had no personal meaning to ppts
• baddleys findings may not tell us much about coding in different kinds of memory tasks, especially in everyday life
• when processing more important and meaningful information people may use semantic coding even for STM tasks
• suggests that the findings from the study have limited information

Question 6

AO3 give one strength for baddleys study

Answer 6

• it identified a clear difference between the 2 memory stores
• later studies showed that there are some expectations to the findings
• the idea that STM uses mostly acoustic coding and LTM is mostly semantic
• an important step in our understanding of memory which led to the multi-store model