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COMP3212 > Coding > Flashcards

Coding Flashcards

1
Q

DNA bases

A

Cytosine
Guanine
Adenine
Thymine

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2
Q

RNA bases

A

Cytosine
Guanine
Adenine
Uracil

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3
Q

3 Types of RNA

A

Messenger RNA
Ribosomal RNA
Transfer RNA

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4
Q

Messenger RNA

A

Used in transcription (nucleus)

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5
Q

Ribosomal RNA

A

Forms ribosomes (cytoplasm)

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6
Q

Transfer RNA

A

Used in translation (ribosomes)

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7
Q

Protein coding steps

A 
DNA -> Transcription -> RNA (from gene) -> Translation -> Protein (from RNA)
Polypetide chain (incoming tRNA carrying an amino acid)
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8
Q

Protein coding

A

Transcription of template strand (3’-5’)
mRNA transcript with sequence (5’-3’)
Has Uracil instead of thymine

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9
Q

Splicing

A

Removes intron sequences in pre-mRNA to produce the ‘Open reading frame’ in mRNA which is then transported from thenucleus to a Ribosome

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10
Q

mRNA intiator and stop codon

A

5’ untranslated region upstream

3’ untranslated region downstream

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11
Q

Peptide chain

A

Series of incoming tRNA bound to amino acid which meets the mRNA in the ribosome
Empty transfer RNA leaves

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12
Q

Codon

A

Trinucleotide sequence of DNA or RNA which corresponds to a specific amino acid
Use codon wheel to find out which amino acid is being referred to

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13
Q

Truncated protein

A

Required for blood clotting

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14
Q

Gene

A

Unit of heredity. Sequence of nucelotides in DNA which encode the synthesis of a gene product (protein or RNA molecule)
Still being refined
Smallest = Testis Determining Factor (TDF)
Largest = Dystrophin (DMD) X chromosome

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15
Q

Protein Functions

A

Enxymes
Messengers (hormones, transmit signals, process coordination in cells, tissues, organs)
structural support (cells/movement)
Transport/storage

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16
Q

Amino acids properties

A

Different from between amino acids

Size, polarity, pH, hydrophobic/philic

17
Q

Endoplasmic reticulum

A

Protein folding and discrimination
Ribosomes transport in
Correctly folded proteins leave through the Golgi for distribution (Protein processing)
Misfolded proteins removed and broken down and recycled, when detected

18
Q

Alzheimer’s disease

A

Energy levels increases from folded to unfolded
Amyloid precursor protein has important role in the brain
Misfolding of amyloids implicated in Alzheimer’s disease
Occurs when protein misfolding not detected

19
Q

Coding region parts

A

Promoter
TATA box
Enhancers
Silencer

Also intron and exon regions, which, following splicing, provide the reading frame for translation

20
Q

Coding region parts

A

Promoter
TATA box
Enhancers
Silencer

Also intron and exon regions, which, following splicing, provide the reading frame for translation

COMP3212 (9 decks)

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