CODES, ADA Flashcards
determine occupancy IBC chapter
Chapter 3: Use and Occupancy Classification
Mixed Occupancies IBC chapter and separation
chapter 508 must be separated by a fire barrier (1-4h), When unseparated, more stringent occupancy applies.
accessory occupancy size and separation
f.e. gift shop in hospital. can not exceed 10% of floor areas story its located in. (less than a 100 sf for storage) no fire separation needed (unless group H, I1, R1-3 dwelling and sleeping units need to separated with fire partitions).
Incidental use, size and separation
F.e. mech rooms. Ancillary to main occupancy with higher risk level. Can’t exceed 10% of story must be sprinklered and fire separated.
identify threshold and fire areas IBC chapter
Table 601 and 602 in the IBC
Fire suppression system are depending on? (3)
Fire area of building
Where occupancy is located in building
Number of occupants
Fire partition
Wall assembly with 1h rating. Must provide continuous barrier. From floor to underside of structure, or to rated ceiling. Openings in fire partitions must have 45min minimum rating, except corridors 20min.
Fire barrier
Vertical or horizontal assembly, that is fire-resistance rated, designed to restrict the spread of fire and smoke, and afford safe passage for protected egress. Continuous from floor to slab. Used to separate occupancies, enclose vertical exits and passageways. Rating greater than 1 hour, openings 45minto 3h, depending on barrier itself. Openings 25% of walll max, not to exceed 156 ft2.
Fire wall
rated wall that separates structure into separate construction. 2-4h ratings, extend continuously from foundation through the roof.
Smoke barrier
continuous vertical or horizontal membrane with min fire resistance of 1 h, designed to restrict the movement of smoke. Openings in smoke barriers min 20min rating. Shaft enclosures shall have a fire-resistance rating of not less than 2 hours where connecting four stories or more, and not less than 1 hour where connecting less than four stories.
Smoke partitions
Smoke partitions do not require a rating, and serve to limit the transfer of smoke through a wall spanning from floor to underside of structure above.
Increase of Frontage, IBC Chapter and Formula
506.3 Frontage Increase up to 75%. min distance to trigger increase 20’, w/30
If = [F / P – 0.25] W / 30
CONSTRUCTION TYPE I-A
Fire Resistive Non-combustible - high-rise buildings
CONSTRUCTION TYPE I-B
Fire Resistive Non-Combustible - mid-rise office + Group R.
CONSTRUCTION TYPE II-A
Protected Non-Combustible - main vertical structural elements are masonry or concrete
CONSTRUCTION TYPE II-B
Unprotected Non-Combustible - main structural elements are unprotected steel
CONSTRUCTION TYPE III-A
Protected Combustible - masonry/concrete walls + combustible roof/floors
CONSTRUCTION TYPE III-B
Unprotected Combustible - non-protected masonry/concrete walls + combustible roof/floors
CONSTRUCTION TYPE IV
Heavy Timber
CONSTRUCTION TYPE V-A
Protected Wood Frame
CONSTRUCTION TYPE V-B
Unprotected Wood Frame
NFPA 13
National Fire Protection Association) is the standard for the installation of sprinkler systems. It is a building standard for fire sprinkler requirements.
NFPA 101
(National Fire Protection Association) is a life safety code that serves as a basis for egress provisions.
NFPA-70
(National Fire Protection Association) is the National Electrical Code (NEC), and is used to govern the life safety issues of all major electrical systems.
Means of Egress Sizing
For stairs calculated by multiplying the occupant load by capacity factor of 0.3 inch per occupant. 0.2 if sprinklered.
Means of Egress other than stairways widths are calculated by multiplying the occupant load by capacity factor of 0.2 inch per occupant. 0.15 if Sprinklers
Sprinklers can lengthen and occupancy can shorten the required max.
minimum width of each door opening, height of door
clear width of 32”, height not be less than 80 inches
what affects the number of exits required:
The common path of travel is the distance any building occupant must travel before reaching access to two exits. If the common path of travel is exceeded, an additional exit must be provided .The travel distance for an occupant in the most remote part of a building to an exit is governed by building codes.
Occupant load is a factor in determining the number of exits.
Minimum Corridor Width, more than 50 occupants, for most occupancies
44”
Mezzanine IBC Chapter
Section 505.2
ICC A117.1
Accessible and Usable Buildings and Facilities
Accessible Routes, ADA section
Section 206, At least one accessible route shall be provided within the site from accessible parking spaces and accessible passenger loading zones; public streets and sidewalks; and public transportation stops to the accessible building or facility entrance they serve.
wheelchair space, and turning space
30” x 48” 60” diameter
ADA RAMP Clear Width
A ramp run must be at least 36 inches wide between the ramp’s handrails.
ADA RAMP Rise
A maximum of 30 inches per run, with no limit on the number of runs.
ADA RAMP Running Slope, cross slope, landing size
1:12 MAXIMUM SLOPE CROSS SLOPE: 1:48. LANDING CLEAR LENGHT: 60”.
ADA door - front approach, pull side
60” clear infront, 18” clear on pull side
ADA door - front approach, push side
48” clear
ADA door - in-between 2 opposite door leaves, or swing and corridor wall
48” clear
Fire lanes
Fire lanes must be at least 20’ wide, at least 10’ away from building overhang to allow overhead clearance for ladders, if the fire lane has a turn the outside turning radius must be at least 54’ and the inside turning radius must be at least 30’ and it must be able to carry at least 35 tons.
one exit
occupancies of 49 people or less
2 exits
Occupancies of 50 or more require two exits. If an occupancy requires two exits, the two exits must be spaced at least one half of the longest diagonal dimension of the space away from each other.
Repairs: Level x Alterations
Repairs: Level 1 Alterations changes barely anything (replacing an AC condenser).
Level 2 alterations include the reconfiguration of space, the addition or elimination of any door or window, the reconfiguration or extension of any system, or the installation of any additional equipment.
Level 3 Alterations include alterations where the work exceeds more than 50% of the building area.
IBC Chapter 3
Chapter 3 - Occupancy Classification and Use
IBC Chapter 5
Chapter 5 - General Building Heights and Areas
- BUILDING HEIGHT, STORIES, AREA, FRONTAGE
- MEZZANINES
- MIXED USE,
- TABLE 509 INCIDENTAL USES
IBC Chapter 6
Chapter 6 - Types of Construction
- FIRE-RESISTANCE RATING REQUIREMENTS FOR BUILDING ELEMENTS (walls, roofs, ceilings etc)
- wood member sizing for type IV
IBC Chapter 7
Chapter 7 - Fire and Smoke Protection Features
fire barrier, partitions etc…
floor and roof assemblies
vertical openings shafts,
ducts,
insulatiuon
IBC Chapter 8
Chapter 8 - Interior Finishes
wall, ceiling, floor finishes
decorative materials and trims
insulation
accousticeiling systems
IBC Chapter 12
Chapter 12 - Interior Environment
IBC Chapter 13
Chapter 13 - Energy Efficiency
IBC Chapter 14
Chapter 14 - Exterior Walls
IBC Chapter 4
Chapter 4 Special Detailed Requirements Based on Use and Occupancy
- HIGHRISES
- ATRIUMS
- UNDERGROUND, PARKING
- HAZARDOUS MATERIALS
- Groups I-1, R-1, R-2, R-3 and R-4
IBC Chapter 16
Chapter 16 - Structural Design
IBC Chapter 17
Chapter 17 - Special Inspections and Tests
size and number of occupants where A-occupancy becomes a B occupancy
less than 50 occupants
less than 750sf
group A occupancies
Group A‐1 - fixed seating, Motion picture theaters; Symphony and concert halls; Television and radio studios admitting an audience Theaters.
Group A‐2 - food and/or drink consumption including, but not limited to: Banquet halls; Casinos (gaming areas); Nightclubs; Restaurants, cafeterias and similar dining facilities (including associated commercial kitchens); Taverns and bars.
Group A‐3 - worship, recreation or amusement and other assembly uses not classified elsewhere in Group A including, but not limited to: Amusement arcades; Art galleries; Bowling alleys; Community halls; Courtrooms; Dance halls (not including food or drink consumption); Exhibition halls; Funeral parlors; Gymnasiums (without spectator seating); Indoor swimming pools (without spectator seating); Indoor tennis courts (without spectator seating); Lecture halls; Libraries; Museums; Places of religious worship; Pool and billiard parlors; Waiting areas in transportation terminals.
Group A‐4 - indoor sporting events and activities with spectator seating including, but not limited to: Arenas; Skating rinks; Swimming pools; Tennis courts.
Group A‐5 - outdoor activities including, but not limited to: Amusement park structures; Bleachers; Grandstands; Stadiums.
group I occupancies
Group I-1: A space, building, or structure used by more than 16 people, not including staff, who reside on a 24-hour basis within a supervised environment and receive custodial care.
Alcohol and drug centers, Halfway houses etc
Group I-2: A building or structure used for medical care on a 24 hour basis for more than 5 people who are not capable of self preservation.
Foster care facilities, Detoxification facilities, Hospitals, Nursing homes, Psychiatric hospitals
Group I-3: A building or structure used by more than 5 people who are under restraint or security thus are generally incapable of self-preservation due to security measures that are not under the occupants control.
prisons
Group I-4: A building or structure that is occupied by more than 5 people of any age who receive custodial care for fewer than 24 hours per day
Adult day care, Child day care
A facility housing not fewer than six and not more than 16 persons receiving custodial care shall be classified as Group?
A facility with five or fewer persons receiving custodial care shall be classified as Group?
R4
R3
OCCUPANCY GROUPS R
Residential Group R-1 occupancies containing sleeping units where the occupants are primarily transient in nature, including:
Boarding houses with more than 10 occupants, Hotels (transient),Motels (transient)
Residential Group R-2 occupancies containing sleeping units or more than two dwelling units where the occupants are primarily permanent in nature, including:
Apartment houses, Boarding houses (nontransient) with more than 16 occupants
Residential Group R-3 occupancies where the occupants are primarily permanent in nature and not classified as Group R-1, R-2, R-4 or I, including:
Buildings that do not contain more than two dwelling units, Boarding houses (transient) with 10 or fewer occupants, Care facilities that provide accommodations for five or fewer persons receiving care, Congregate living facilities (nontransient) with 16 or fewer occupants
Residential Group R-4 occupancy shall include buildings, structures or portions thereof for more than five but not more than 16 persons, excluding staff, who reside on a 24-hour basis in a supervised residential environment and receive custodial care.
Alcohol and drug centers , Assisted living facilities, Congregate care facilities
The height, in feet, and the number of stories of a building shall be determined based on?
The height, in feet, and the number of stories of a building shall be determined based on the
type of construction,
occupancy classification and
whether there is an automatic sprinkler system installed
throughout the building.
The floor area of a building shall be determined based on ?
The floor area of a building shall be determined based on
the type of construction,
occupancy classification,
whether there is an automatic sprinkler system installed throughout the building and the amount of building frontage on public way or open space
Allowable Building Area in MIXED USE OCCUPANCY
In each story, the building area shall be such that the sum of the ratios of the actual building area of each separated occupancy divided by the allowable building area of each separated occupancy shall not exceed 1.
SUM (actual area of occ / allowable area of occ) ≤ 1
IBC Chaper 9
fire protection systems
-sprinkler types, standpipes, alarm systems, detectors
IBC Chapter 10
means of egress
1004 Occupant Load
TABLE 1004.1.2 MAXIMUM FLOOR AREA ALLOWANCES PER OCCUPANT
Section 1005 Means of Egress Sizing
Section 1006 Number of Exits and Exit Access Doorways
illumination, accessibilty,
stairs , ramps, handrails
Section 1016 Exit Access
Section 1020 Corridors
IBC Chaper 11
Accessability
Section 1104 Accessible Route
1108.2.2 Wheelchair Spaces
Section 1111 Signage
Where two exits, are required from any portion of the exit access, they shall be placed a distance apart equal to not less than ?
not less than one-half of the length of the maximum overall diagonal dimension of the building or area to be served measured in a straight line between them
Exceptions:
Where interior exit stairways or ramps are interconnected by a 1-hour fire-resistance-rated corridor the required exit separation shall be measured along the shortest direct line of travel within the corridor.
Where a building is equipped throughout with an automatic sprinkler system distance shall be not less than one-third of the length of the maximum overall diagonal dimension of the area served.
The owner of a sandwich shop wishes to open a new location on an empty site near a shopping center. There are three entrances to the building: one that faces the shopping center to the north, one that faces a public parking area to the south, and a service entrance to the west that leads to the dumpsters and walk-in cooler. Which of the entrances is required to be accessible?
60% of the entrances must be accessible. Since the service door serves a specific space, it would also need to be accessible, as well as the other two doors.
Alterations made to provide an accessible path of travel to the altered area will be deemed disproportionate to the overall alteration when the cost exceeds ?% of the cost of the alteration to the primary function area.
Alterations made to provide an accessible path of travel to the altered area will be deemed disproportionate to the overall alteration when the cost exceeds 20% of the cost of the alteration to the primary function area. ) When the cost of alterations necessary to make the path of travel to the altered area fully accessible is disproportionate to the cost of the overall alteration, the path of travel shall be made accessible to the extent that it can be made accessible without incurring disproportionate costs.
priority accessible elements to provide when alteration
An accessible entrance;
An accessible route to the altered area;
At least one accessible restroom for each sex or a single unisex restroom;
Accessible telephones;
Accessible drinking fountains; and When possible, additional accessible elements such as parking, storage, and alarms.
maximum area that can be considered for a mezzanine design Types I and II construction
max area of a mezzanine is 1/2 of the enclosing space for Types I and II construction,
IF SPRINKLERED
maximum distance an object higher than 27 inches above finish floor can protrude into an accessible route
An object higher than 27 inches above finish floor can protrude a maximum of 4 inches into an accessible route.
Q. An area of refuge must have?
A two-way communication device
A steady supply of outside air
Emergency lighting
Each area of refuge shall be sized to accommodate one wheelchair space of 30 inches by 48 inches for each 200 occupants or portion thereof,
Type IV construction mezzanine
the max area of a mezzanine is 1/3 of the enclosing space for Type IV construction
Q. The IBC allows egress through adjoining rooms in which of the following conditions? Select the (3) that apply.
a One of the two rooms is an accessory to the other.
b Both rooms are classified as Group B.
c Neither room is classified as Group H.
d No doors have locks.
e There is a clear path of egress travel to the exit.
Solution: The correct answers are A, C and E.
IBC allows egress through adjoining rooms if one of the two rooms is an accessory to the other, neither room is classified as Group H (high hazard), and there is a clear path of egress travel to the exit. Locking doors are not included, and the rooms do not need to be classified as Group B (for business use).
Q. An architect must calculate occupant load for a space. The architect calculates the area in square feet assigned to a function and divides by the occupant load factor found in the IBC. Which method has the architect used to calculate the occupant load?
Occupant load by actual number
Occupant load by combination
Occupant load by table
Occupant load by requirement
The architect has used the calculation for occupant load by table. To calculate the occupant load by actual number would require the architect to know the number of people who will be accommodated in the space. Occupant load by combination involves cumulative occupant loads. Occupant load by requirement is not a method for calculating occupant load.
Q. When a specified carpet has a pile height of 1/2 inch, which of the following must the architect do to ensure the finish meets accessibility requirements?
Specify a carpet with a thinner pile.
Provide a transition strip at exposed edges.
Confirm the finish is flush with adjacent surfaces.
Verify the pile density is greater than 6,000 stiches/inch
In this case, the architect must provide a transition strip at the exposed edges.
Q. Determine the minimum required exit stair width for a two-story bank with a footprint of 70’ × 70’.
14.7 inches minimum
44 inches minimum
29.4 inches minimum
36 inches minimum
The correct answer is 36.
To find the minimum required stair width serving a two story space you must first determine the occupant load. 70’ × 70’ = 4900 sf/100 gross = 49 occupants. Then multiply the number of occupants by 0.3 inches × 49 occupants = 14.7 inches. Code states that the minimum stair width shall not be less than 44 inches unless the stairway is serving an occupant load of less than 50, in which case the minimum width shall not be less than 36 inches. In this problem, the stairway is serving an occupant load of 49 and therefore is required only to be a minimum of 36 inches.
• ADA Dimensional Standards:
Door clearance on pull side of door
Door clearance on push side of door
32” clr min when open 90 deg
1’-6” clr on pull side of door
1’-0” clr on the push side of the door
• ADA Dimensional Standards:
reach heights - front approach
20 max reach over - 48”
20-25 max reach over - 44”
min 16”
• ADA Dimensional Standards:
reach heights - side approach
10” reach over - 48”
10-24” reach over - 46
ada
Sidewall grab bar
42” min length
12” max from rear wall
33” -36” above floor
ada Lavatory/Sink
clear floor- 2’-6” wide x 4’-0” long min
height - 4” max above floor to top of rim/ counter
mirror - 40” bottom of frame
ada Drinking Fountains
Drinking Fountains
Floor Space2’-6” wide x 4’-0” long min
Spout Height 36” max above floor
Water flow 4” min height
The maximum occupant load in any occupancy for one exit is
The maximum occupant load in any occupancy for one exit is 49 people
Maximum travel distance for exit access:
- 200 feet in non sprinklered buildings
- 250 - 300 feet in sprinklered buildings
Class A flame spread rating ! !
0-25
A flame spread rating number is the relative rate at which flame will spread over the surface of a material, as compared with flame spread on asbestos-cement board (rated zero) and on red oak (rated 100).
Class B flame spread rating !!
26-75
A flame spread rating number is the relative rate at which flame will spread over the surface of a material, as compared with flame spread on asbestos-cement board (rated zero) and on red oak (rated 100).
Class D flame spread rating! !
201-500
A flame spread rating number is the relative rate at which flame will spread over the surface of a material, as compared with flame spread on asbestos-cement board (rated zero) and on red oak (rated 100).
Class E flame spread rating !!
over 500
A flame spread rating number is the relative rate at which flame will spread over the surface of a material, as compared with flame spread on asbestos-cement board (rated zero) and on red oak (rated 100).
Type I - construction type, fire rating
Building elements are of noncombustible materials
IA (ISO 6) = 3 hour fire rating
The main structural elements are noncombustible. Examples of these materials would be masonry and concrete. Basically, all concrete construction.
IB (ISO 5) = 2 hour fire rating
The main structural elements are noncombustible. Examples of these materials are heavy steel with spray-on insulation or enclosed in double layers of sheetrock. Basically, protected steel construction.
Type II -construction type, fire rating
Exterior walls are of noncombustible materials, interior elements are of any material allowed by code
IIA (ISO 4) = 1 hour min. Fire rating
The main structural elements of the walls are masonry or concrete. The roof support is unprotected metal beams or bar joists
IIB (ISO 3) = No fire rating
The main structural elements of the walls and roof are unprotected steel. These are light-weight metal buildings like “Butler Buildings” and Quonset Huts.
Caution - if metal siding is affixed to wood members, construction is TYPE VB.
Type III -construction type, fire rating
Exterior walls are of noncombustible materials, interior elements are of any material allowed by code
IIIA (ISO 2) = 1 hour min rating w/2 hr exterior bearing walls
A combination of building construction comprised of exterior walls of masonry or concrete and roof/floors of combustible material that has been treated to have at least a 1-hr fire resistance rating.
IIIB (ISO 2)= Unrated interior w/2 hr exterior bearing walls
Same as TYPE IIIA, except that the roof/floors of combustible materials have no fire resistance rating. This is the most common of ISO 2 construction where the underside of the roof is seen with wood construction but the walls are masonry or concrete.
Type IV -construction type, fire rating
Heavy Timber (ISO 2)
Exterior walls are of noncombustible materials, interior elements are of solid or laminated wood without concealed spaces
Known as heavy timber or mill construction in which the exterior walls are of noncombustible materials. Interior building elements utilize wood structural members and heavy wood decking. Building elements do not contain concealed spaces and contain systems that prevent a fire from the exterior into unprotected openings.
Type V - construction type, fire rating
Structural elements, exterior, and inter walls are of any materials allowed by code
VA (ISO 1) = 1 hr exterior bearing walls
A wood-framed building. Protected construction having all major building elements with at least a 1-hour fire-resistance rating.
Exception: non-load bearing interior walls and partitions having no rating.
VB (ISO 1) = No fire rating
A wood-framed building having no fire-resistance ratings. This is the most commonly seen ISO 1 construction.
minimum distance between two hinged or pivoted doors in series
minimum of 48 inches (4′) distance between two hinged or pivoted doors in series
