Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

2S03 part 2 > Code Switching > Flashcards

Code Switching Flashcards

1
Q

Billingualism

A

strict: Native like fluency in two or more languages
loose: Common human condition that makes it possible to function at some level in more than one language. Same as Multilingualism for our purposes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Code

A

Any language or variety of a language. Every variety is a code. Must choose appropriate code for appropriate situation.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Multilingual Societies:

A

Social context determines language choice. To be socially competent you must know who uses what when and for what purpose.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Typical interactions:

5 typical domains

A

Home, education, employment, religion, friendship

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Who created the 5 domains?

A

Joshua Fishman

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Bilingualism may lead to:

A
  • Language loss
  • Language Diffustion
    ex. the Balkans, Sri Lanka, Southern India
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Who created the original definition of Diglossia?

A

Charles Ferguson

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Language Loss

bilingualism

A

Immigrant groups usually only keep up bilingualism for one generation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Language Diffusion

bilingualism

A

Certain features spread from one language to another.

Easiest: Phonology, Morphology, Syntax :Difficult

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Original Definition of diglossia

A
  • Two varieties of the same L in the community H and L
  • Distinct Functions
  • No H in everyday communication
    ex. Switzerland (Swiss/ Standard German), Arabic, Haiti
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Five Characteristics of Diglossia:

A

1) Persistency
2) Functional Distribution
3) Prestige
4) Literary Heritage
5) All members of a community learn low variety

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Persistency

A
  • social arrangement lasting more than 3 generations, no problem
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Functional Distribution

A
  • Different function, no competition between varieties

- Must use the right variety in the right situation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Who is Jeoffrey Chaucer

A

Author of Canabury Tales, broke diglossia in England (1343- 1400) by writing in English

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Prestige:

A

High variety, more codified

ex. High German Bible

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Literary Heritage

A

Most major Literature is in the high language, seen as the language

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

All members of a community learn the low variety

A

Low variety learned first at home, high variety taught through the school system
ex. Haiti

18
Q

Leaking Diglossia

A

When a language doesn’t quite fulfill every requirement of diglossia but is more diglossia than most.

19
Q

Narrow Diglossia:

A

L variety is related to H variety ex. Swiss and Standard German

20
Q

Broad Diglossia:

A

L variety is not necessarily related to H variety

21
Q

How does diglossia affect social distinctions?

A

Diglossia reinforces social distinctions
ex. Haiti, all know creole but only some know French
Extending the high language threatens the existing power structure

22
Q

Doublets

A

High and low variety for the same word. French (H variety) veau – English (L variety) veal

23
Q

Does diglossia = bilingualism?

A

Not necessarily, Classic and Dialect Arabic

? this seems wrong?

24
Q

Code-switching:

A

Using more than one code, typically only one language at a time.

25
Q

Inter-sentential code-switching:

A

Finish clause or sentence than switch codes

26
Q

Intra-sentential code-switching

A

Mixing of languages win a sentence

27
Q

Situational Code-Switching

A

Code switching based on predictable social and situational factors.

28
Q

Metaphorical Code-Switching

A

Non-situationals, used as a communicative effect to empphasize something. ex Norwegian teacher delivering lecture in Bokmal switches to Ranamal to encourage discussion

29
Q

Selecting a Code

A
  • Major identity marker: used to establish, cross or destroy social boundary
  • Symbol of power: used to create, evoke or change relationships ex. Ukrainian refuses to speak Russian
  • May be unconscious to show solidarity or social distinction
30
Q

Political expression of code-switching:

A
  • to assert a right
  • to resist some other power
  • to claim a political identity
  • to express solidarity (re-creolized varieties in the UK)
    ex. French in Ontario, Russian Ukraine
31
Q

Tag Switching

A

Don’t fully switch into other language but use “tags” or expression such as “salut”. Solidarity markers b/w minority languages

32
Q

Quotational Switching

A

Switches code in order to quote another speaker. Not the exact words, but gives the impression that the words are very accurate

33
Q

Attitudes towards Code-Switching

A
  • Puristic views

- For code switchers code-switching may be a source of pride

34
Q

The Equivalence Constraint:

A

We can only code switch at the point where the two languages overlap. None if they don’t overlap

35
Q

What models did Carol Myers-Scotton create:

A
  • Markedness Model

- Matrix Language Frame Model

36
Q

Markedness Model:

A

Speakers have marked and unmarked choices (doesn’t equal high and low) and these vary by situation.
ex. English vs indigenous languages in Nigeria

37
Q

Matrix Language Frame Model:

A

The Matrix provide the structure.

Embedded Language provides lexical items

38
Q

Matched guise test:

A

Person is judged speaking language X and language y. Judgements reveal social stereotypes
* Introduced by Lambert:

39
Q

Lambert’s Study

A

80 English Canadian and 92 French Canadian 1st year college students in Montreal.
Used Matched guise Test
- Female speakers in French Guise rated as more intelligent and sincere
- Male speakers in English guises taller more likable and more humerous

40
Q

Accomodation

A

Message and code are inseparable. Speakers may try to accommodate to the expectations of others a sign of solidarity.
- May be deliberate or unconscious
- Reducing or increasing differences in speech
Convergent Behaviour - decreases differences
Divergent Behaviour - increases differences

2S03 part 2 (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions