coasts lessons 1-2

Question 1

the wider coastal zone including adjacent land areas and shallow parts of the sea just offshore

Answer 1

littoral zone

Question 2

layers of rock

Answer 2

strata

Question 3

natural breaks in the strata, caused by gaps in time during periods of rock formation

Answer 3

bedding planes

Question 4

fractures caused either by contraction as sediments dry out, or by earth movements during uplift

Answer 4

joints (vertical cracks)

Question 5

folds and dips caused by tectonic activity

Answer 5

deformation

Question 6

major fractures that have moved rocks from their original positions

Answer 6

faults

Question 7

cliffs varying in height from a few metres to hundreds of metres

Answer 7

rocky/cliffed coastlines

Question 8

the land gradually slopes towards the sea across an area of deposited sediment (sand dunes / mud flats)

Answer 8

coastal plains

Question 9

what are the characteristics of rocky coastlines?

Answer 9

resistant rock , high energy environments , transition from land to sea is abrupt

Question 10

what are the characteristics of coastal plains ?

Answer 10

-sandy and estuarine coastlines
-less resistant rock
-low energy environments
- transition from land to sea is gradual

Question 11

the angle at which rock strata lies ( horizontally, vertically, dipping inland or towards sea )

Answer 11

dip

Question 12

formed by pressure during tectonic activity, which makes rocks buckle and crumple

Answer 12

folds

Question 13

rock strata runs parallel to the coastline

Answer 13

concordant coastline

Question 14

coastlines where the geology alternates between strata (or bands) of hard rock and soft rock

Answer 14

discordant coastline