COASTS Flashcards
Name 3 factors which affect wave strength.
Depth of water
Length of fetch
Wind and wave strength and direction
Sea flow gradient
Strength and frequency of dominant wind
Time wind blows over water
How do waves form and break?
Winds blows over the surface of the water and a movement of water is created as the sea enters the coastal zone.
Waves hit shallower water and friction occurs with the sea bed which makes the base of the wave slow but the crest continue. The crest will overtake the base and breaks as it topples over.
What are the erosional processes?
Hydraulic action
Abrasion
Attrition
Solution
What factors affect marine erosion?
Geology Wave energy Beach width Wave orientation Sea level change Human influence
Name a depositional process.
Flocculation
What are the transportation processes?
Traction Solution Saltation Suspension Longshore Drift
Explain the process of longshore drift.
Waves approach the beach in a similar direction to the wind. Swash carries material up the beach at the same angle as the waves/wind. Backwash returns down the beach at right angles to the water. Material is moved along the beach in a zig-zag formation.
What are the types of physical weathering?
Solution / corrosion
Wetting / drying
Freeze thaw
What are the types of chemical weathering?
Carbonation
Oxidation
What are the types of biological weathering?
Animals and plants
What factors affect the rate of weathering?
Temperature range
Amount of precipitation
Rock type
Amount of vegetation
What are the types of mass movement?
Rock falls
Slumping
Slides
Creep
Give three factors which affect the rate of mass movement.
Slope angle Amount of water present Amount of vegetation Rock type Climate
What landforms form from erosion?
Cliffs Headlands and bays Caves Arches Stacks and stumps Wave cut platform / notch
What landforms form from deposition?
Spits Beaches Tombolo Shingle ridge Salt marsh Swash and drift aligned beach
What factors affect the formation of coastal landforms?
Wave type and energy Rock type and structure Beach size and profile Sea level change Human sea defences
What examples are there of hard engineering?
Gabions Groynes Sea wall Revetments Cliff drainage Rip-rap / rock armour
What examples are there of soft engineering?
Beach replenishment Building bars Re-profiling beaches Replanting vegetation Off-shore breakwaters
What are other management plans that can be put in place?
Cost Benefit Analysis
Integrated Coastal Zonal Management
Shoreline Management Plan
