Coasts Flashcards

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1
Q

Destructive Waves

A

Strong backwash
Weak swash
They erode and transport sediment away from beaches

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2
Q

Constructive Waves

A

Strong swash
Weak backwash
Because swash is stronger than the backwash they deposit sediment and build up beaches

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3
Q

Swash

A

The movement of waves on beaches towards the land carrying load.
Swash approaches in the direction of the prevailing wind

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4
Q

Backwash

A

The movement of waves on beaches away from the beach, it carries load away from the beach.
It will find the quickest route back to the sea due to gravity.

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5
Q

Hydraulic action

A

Erosion of the cliffs caused by the force of water and air in the waves colliding against them.

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6
Q

Abrasion

A

Erosion of the cliffs as waves throw particles and rocks against them.
(Tennis ball)

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7
Q

Attrition

A

Erosion of the material carried in the waves. The material in the waves is smoothed as it bumps into each other.

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8
Q

Corrosion/Solution

A

Erosion of the cliffs by the salts and acids in sea water. Salts and acids are able to dissolve some rocks - limestone and chalk for example.

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9
Q

Solution

A

Minerals are dissolved in the water and carried along in solution.

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10
Q

Suspension

A

Fine light material is carried along in the water.

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11
Q

Saltation

A

Small pebbles and stones are bounced along the sea/river bed.

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12
Q

Traction

A

Large boulders and rocks are rolled along the sea/river bed.

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13
Q

Is a sea wall hard or soft engineering?

A

Hard engineering

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14
Q

What does the sea wall do?

A

Deflect the force of the waves and any sediment away from the sea front.
The sand acts as a natural protection against the force of the waves. The waves break on the beach and not the cliffs.

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15
Q

Is beach nourishment hard or soft engineering?

A

Soft engineering

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16
Q

What is beach nourishment?

A

The artificial extension of the beach to buffer and absorb wave energy.

17
Q

Is marsh creation hard or soft engineering?

A

Soft engineering

18
Q

What is marsh creation?

A

The controlled flooding of coast to create marshes. These act as a buffer and absorb energy and flood waters.

19
Q

Are groynes hard or soft engineering?

A

Hard engineering

20
Q

What do groynes do?

A

They trap the sand which is carried along the coast by longshore drift. The sand acts as a natural protection against the force of the waves. The waves break on the beach and not the cliffs.

21
Q

Is rock armour hard or soft engineering?

A

Hard engineering

22
Q

What is rock armour?

A

Simply boulders and stones used to absorb wave energy. The waves break on the armour and not on the cliff line. Rock armour is often placed in front of sea walls to add extra protection.

23
Q

Is dune regeneration hard or soft engineering?

A

Soft engineering

24
Q

What is dune regeneration?

A

The planting of marram grass at the back of beaches to stabilise the dunes. Dunes buffer energy from the waves.

25
Q

Is managed retreat hard or soft engineering?

A

Soft engineering

26
Q

what is managed retreat?

A

When areas are left to flood naturally. This involves moving homes and allowing farmland to be engulfed by the sea.