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Geography AQA B SA- Coasts > Coasts > Flashcards

Coasts Flashcards

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1
Q

How many people live in coastal areas?

A

4 billion but this number is expected to increase to 5.5 billion by 2030.

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2
Q

What three opportunities do coastal areas bring?

A

Economic, environmental and recreational.

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3
Q

Define the term ‘multi-use coastal area’.

A

This is an area that has a mixture of uses- commercial, leisure, residential and environmental .

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4
Q

What two topics are in Unit 1?

A

Coast and Urban

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5
Q

Why is Southampton a good example of a multi-use coastal area?

A

It is the busiest port in the UK (7% of all UK trade tgoes through Southampton). It has ExxonMobil oil refinery, the largest in the UK. Also Fawley Chemical Plant is located here, the largest in Europe.

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6
Q

What does the term ‘Growth Poles’ mean?

A

Areas that are used for business development.

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7
Q

What does the term ‘infrastructure’ mean?

A

A network of links including transportation and services.

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8
Q

Many coastal places in the world have become ‘growth poles’. Name an example.

A

Dubai, United Arab Emirates

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9
Q

What is the name of the largest and most expensive coastal development project in Dubai?

A

Three palm-shaped islands as well as 300 other islands in the shape of the worl’d conintents and solar system.

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10
Q

List some uses of the Palm Jumeriah in Dubai.

A

A hotel, a shopping mall, a marina, 1,00 beachside villas.

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11
Q

When the palm islands are complete how much longer will Dubai’s coastline be?

A

400 km.

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12
Q

What is Dubailand?

A

a recent development project in Dubai that includes 24 theme parks and shopping malls.

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13
Q

True or false: Dubai has the World’s largest indoor ski dome in the world.

A

TRUE

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14
Q

Name an example of one coastal area that has been developed as an economic resource.

A

Dubai, United Arab Emirates

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15
Q

What are the characteristics of constructive waves?

A

Gentle waves, strong swash, beach builds up and usually during the summer.

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16
Q

Define the term ‘marine erosion’.

A

the wearing away of rock by the cation of the sea.

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17
Q

Define the term ‘weathering’.

A

This is the breaking down of rocks by the action of the weather, plants or chemical action.

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18
Q

What are the characteristics of a destructive wave?

A

Strong backwash, short and steep waves, beach is eroded and usually happens during the winter.

19
Q

What does ‘prevailing wind’ mean?

A

the dominant wind in an area.

20
Q

List the three main types of marine erosion.

A

Abrasion, Attrittion and Hydraulic Action.

21
Q

What is abrasion?

A

where rocks rocks rub against one another, smoothing down overtime. During a stormmaterial is hurled at the cliff face, creating a ‘sand blasting’ effect.

22
Q

What is attrition?

A

Attrition is where rocks collide with each other. Overtime this wears away beach material.

23
Q

What is Hydraulic Action?

A

The sheer force of the waves breaking against the cliff causes parts of the cliff to break away. As waves hit the cliff face they compress air into cracks, blasting away fragments fo rocks.

24
Q

What is meant by subaerial processes?

A

The breaking down of rocks by weathering.

25
Q

Give an examiner’s tip for coastal landforms

A

When describing the formation of coastal landforms such as stacks or spits, process terms and the correct sequence is required.

26
Q

What types of rock are more likely to erode?

A

Soft rocks such as clay. This can be found along the Holderness Coast, Yorkshire.

27
Q

What rocks are more resistant to coastal erosion?

A

Hard rocks such as limestone or chalk.

28
Q

What coastal landforms are associated with hard rock?

A

Headlands, cave, arches, stack and stump.

29
Q

Name an example of a ‘stack’.

A

Old Harry in Dorest.

30
Q

Formation of a stack 1) What type of erosion causes a crack in a rock to widen?

A

Hydraulic Action

31
Q

Formation of a stack 2) How are sea caves created?

A

By abrasion and hydraulic action.

32
Q

Formation of a stack 3) How is an arch formed?

A

When a sea cave breaks through a headland to the otherside.

33
Q

Formation of a stack 4) How is a stack created?

A

when the roof of the former arch collapses as a result of sea spray.

34
Q

Formation of a stack 5) How is a stump formed?

A

When a stack is erodedaway it leaves a stump.

35
Q

What causes cliff slumping?

A

Soft rock which becomes wet during a storm

36
Q

Name a famous example of cliff collapse.

A

1993 the Holbeck Hall collapsed near Scarborough.

37
Q

What is a headland?

A

Where the land juts out to sea.

38
Q

What caused the Holbeck hall to collapse?

A

It was on the fastest eroding coastline in Europe.

39
Q

What is sediment?

A

Material that is eroded and deposited by the action of water or the wind.

40
Q

What is a beach?

A

An accumulation of sand and shingle.

41
Q

What is a groyne?

A

A wooden or concrete barrier built across a beach.

42
Q

What two types of beaches are there?

A

Swash alinged beaches and drift alinged beaches.

43
Q

What is Longshore Drift?

A

Longshore drift is the movement of sediment along the beach.

Geography AQA B SA- Coasts (2 decks)

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