Coasts

Question 1

How do waves form?

Answer 1

1. Winding blowing over the sea
2. Friction with the surface of the water causes ripples that develop into waves

Question 2

What can cause bigger waves?

Answer 2

• Bigger fetch
• faster the wind speed

Question 3

Types of mass movement?

Answer 3

• rockfall
• landslide
• mudflow
• rotational slip (slump)

Question 4

What is rockfall?

Answer 4

• rock breaks away often due to freeze-thaw

Question 5

what is landslide?

Answer 5

• blocks of rock slide down hill

Question 6

what is mudflow?

Answer 6

• saturated soil and weak rock flows downhill

Question 7

what is rotational slip (slump)?

Answer 7

• slump of saturated soil and weak rock along a curved surface

Question 8

What is the formation of a spit?

Answer 8

1. longshore drift transports sand along the coast
2. change in shape of coastline
3. spit grows from the land out into the sea
4. spit is exposed to changes in wind and weight direction cause it to curve
5. Saltmarsh forms in sheltered water behind the spit as river mud deposit build up
6. For a bar to form the spit meets the coastline again

Question 9

Wht are the forms of hard engineering?

Answer 9

• sea walls
• groynes
• gabions
• rock armour

Question 10

What are the forms of soft engineering?

Answer 10

• beach nourishment
• dune regeneration
• reprofiling

Question 11

What is beach nourishment?

Answer 11

• Sand is pumped onto an existing beach to build it up

Question 12

What is beach reprofiling?

Answer 12

• The sediment is redistributed from the lower part of the beach to the upper part of the beach

Question 13

What is beach regeneration?

Answer 13

-Marram grass planted on sand dunes stabilises the dunes and helps to trap sand to build them up

Question 14

What are the disadvantages of beach nourishment?

Answer 14

• Needs to be constantly replaced.
• The sand has to be brought in from elsewhere

Question 15

What are the advantages of beach nourishment?

Answer 15

• Blends in with the existing beach.
• Larger beaches appeal to tourists.

Question 16

What are the advantages of beach reprofiling?

Answer 16

• Cheap and simple
• Reduces the energy of the waves

Question 17

What are the disadvantages of beach reprofiling?

Answer 17

• Only works when wave energy is low
• Needs to be repeated continuously

Question 18

What are the advantages of beach regeneration?

Answer 18

• Relatively cheap
• Maintains a natural-looking coastline

Question 19

What are the disadvantages of beach regeneration?

Answer 19

• Can be damaged by storm waves
• Areas have to be zoned off from the public, which is unpopular