Coasts Flashcards

1
Q

What is the stages in spit formation

A

1.long shore drift moves sediment in direction of prevailing wind
Material will continue to be deposited 2.when coastline changes direction creating a spit which overtime will form a permanent feature
3.The river currents in estuary and depth of the water will prevent the spit connecting to the mainland
4.Wave refraction forces material to form a curved end
Mud and silt is deposited behind the spit creating a salt marsh

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2
Q

What is a spit

A

A spit is a long narrow piece of land joined to the mainland which project out to sea or across a river estuary . It’s a depositional landform made out of sand and shingle

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3
Q

What are the diffract types of mass movement

A

Soil creep/solifluctuon
Mudflow
Run off
Landslide
Rock fall

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4
Q

Why do waves form

A

When wind flows over the ocean . The energy from the wind is transferred into the wave via frictional drag . As the wave approaches the shore it breaks as the elliptical motion of the wave is interrupted

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5
Q

What are tides and how are they caused

A

Tides are the periodic rise and fall in the sea level caused by the frictional pull of the sun and moon

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6
Q

Why are spring tides high

A

Spring tides are high because the sun and the moon are both pulling the ocean in the same plane . Neap tides are low as the sun and the moon are pulling the ocean in different planes and are working against each other

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7
Q

What is a large and small tidal ranges good for

A

A large tidal current - Providing energy via tidal currents for the transportation of sediment

A small tidal current - concentrated erosion at cliff base

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8
Q

What are features of a high energy coastline

A

Rocky coastline
Contains cliffs and headlands
Erosion exceeds deposition
Atlantic facing (for uk)

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9
Q

What are features of a low energy coast

A

Sandy
Deposition exceeds erosion
Beaches and spits
Less powerful waves
Bays and sheltered areas

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10
Q

What is the process of solifluction ,nature of movement, rate of movement and is it wet or dry

A

Process- slow Downslope movement of soil due to recurrent freezing and thawing of the ground

Movement-gradual and slow

Wet

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11
Q

What is the process of mudflow , what’s the nature of movement , the rate of movement and is it dry/wet

A

Process - mud and earth flowing downhill, water gets trapped in mud increasing pressure

Nature and rate of movement- quick

Wet

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12
Q

What is the process of landslides , what’s the nature of movement , the rate of movement and is it dry/wet

A

When gravity overcomes the forces holding material in place on a slope - can be caused by unconsolidated clays and sands in heavy rain and earthquakes

Very quick

Wet

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13
Q

What is the

A
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14
Q

What is the process of rockfall , what’s the nature of movement , the rate of movement and is it dry/wet

A

Rock fragments breaking away from a cliff face

Wuick and sudden

Dry

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15
Q

What is wave quarrying

A

A braking wave trapping air as it hits a cliff face . The air is compressed into any gaps causing huge pressures
As the water retreats there is an explosive effect of the air pressure being released. This weakens the cliff face .

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17
Q

What are the different types of transportation

A

Traction
Suspension
Solution
Saltation

18
Q

What is solution and suspension (transportation)

A

Solution- soluble materials dissolved in the water and are carried along

Suspension- small particles like silt and clay are carried along in the water

19
Q

What is saltation and traction(transportation)

A

Saltation- pebble sized particles are bounced along the sea bed by the force of the water
Traction- large particles like boulders are pushed along the sea bed by the force of the water

20
Q
A

Saltation- pebble sized particles are bounced along the sea bed by the force of the water
Traction- large particles like boulders are pushed along the sea bed by the force of the water