Coasts

Question 1

What are destructive waves?

Answer 1

Waves that are formed by strong winds, blown over along fetch. The backwash is stronger than the swash, it destroys a beach

Question 2

What are constructive waves?

Answer 2

Waves that are formed by light winds and short fetches. The swash is stronger than the backwash, it builds a beach.

Question 3

What is a discordant coastline?

Answer 3

Bands of resistant and less resistant rock run at right angles

Question 4

What is a concordant coastline?

Answer 4

Hard and soft rock running parallel to the coastline

Question 5

What do discordant coastlines create?

Answer 5

Harder rocks erodes slower than soft rocks, creating headlands. Bags are where there is soft rocks

Question 6

Why are concordant coastlines generally straight?

Answer 6

The rock erodes at a similar rate all along the coast

Question 7

What are faults and joints?

Answer 7

Lines of weakness in a rock, crack

Question 8

What is the coast, what occurs here?

Answer 8

Boundary between sea and land.
Processes of erosion, transport and deposition occur here

Question 9

How do hard and soft rocks influence coastal landforms?

Answer 9

Hard rocks (e.g. granite) resist erosion, forming headlands; soft rocks (e.g. sandstone) erode easily, forming bays

Question 10

Name and describe the four processes of coastal erosion?

Answer 10

Hydraulic action: water forces into cracks, breaking rocks apart
Abrasion: rocks and sand scrape the coastline
Attrition: rocks collide and break into smaller, smoother pieces
Solution: minerals dissolve water

Question 11

What is a wave-cut platform, and how is it formed? *haven’t learnt this yet

Answer 11

A flat area left behind as waves erode a cliff, forming a wave- cut notch
Erosion attacks base of cliff, creating a notch of eroded material between high tide height and low tide height. As notch becomes deeper sub-aerial weathering weakens cliff top, cliff face becomes unstable and falls under its own weight through mass movement. This leaves a platform of unaffected cliff base beneath wave cut notch

Question 12

What is longshore drift

Answer 12

Sediment is transported along the coast by waves hitting at an angle

Question 13

How is a spit formed? *expand answer

Answer 13

Longshore drift deposits sediment in sheltered areas; a hook may form with changes in wind direction

A split is a long narrow strip of land which is formed due to deposition. Longshore drift occurs along the coast line but as the waves lose energy they deposit their sediment. Overtime this creates a spit.

Question 14

What is hard engineering? Give examples

Answer 14

Man made structures to control erosion, e.g. sea walls, grounds, revetments

Question 15

What is soft engineering?

Answer 15

Working with nature, e.g. beach nourishment, sand dunes

Question 16

What does the shoreline management plan suggest? *haven’t learnt yet

Answer 16

Strategies include “hold the line,” “managed retreat” or “advance the line”

Question 17

Name three reasons to protect Dawlish Warren

Answer 17

Protect habitats
Support tourism
Prevent flooding the Exe Estuary

Question 18

How is arch formed

Answer 18

Cave widens and deepens due to sub aerial processes and eventually large hole will form through other side of headland known as arch. Arch continue to widen until unable to support itself top falls due to own weight through mass movement