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Geography U1 > Coasts > Flashcards

Coasts Flashcards

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1
Q

Keyword- Weathering

A

The breakdown of rocks by Sun, frost, rainwater and plants

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2
Q

Keyword – erosion

A

The wearing away of rocks

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3
Q

Keyword – mechanical weathering

A

This is usually caused by changes in temperatures

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4
Q

Keyword – Biological weathering

A

is caused by the actions of plants and rocks

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5
Q

Keyword – hydraulic action

A

When waves crash against cliffs they force air into cracks in the rocks air is trapped. Pressure builds up. As waves move back, pressure is released. The trapped air expands. Small explosions take place. These explosions cause the rocks to break into smaller pieces.

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6
Q

Keyword – abrasion

A

The wave flings sand, pebbles, and lost rocks against the rock. These wear it  away like sandpaper.

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7
Q

What are waves and how are they formed?

A

The fetch is the distance the wave can travel and interrupted.

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8
Q

The steps of a coastline being formed – step one

A

The water fills up the cracks in the rock, then freezes.

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9
Q

The steps of a coastline being formed – step two

A

As water turns into ice it expands, so it forces the crack to widen

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10
Q

The steps of a coastline being formed – step three

A

The ice melts and the rock splits overtime 

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11
Q

Explain what corrosion looks like:

A

Corrosion often appears as rust, tarnish, or deterioration on metal surfaces over time.

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12
Q

Explain what abrasion looks like

A

Abrasion is when surfaces are worn down or scratched through friction or rubbing against each other, often resulting in a smoother appearance or loss of material.

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13
Q

Explain what attrition looks like:

A

Attrition refers to the gradual reduction or wearing away of something, often through repeated friction, pressure, or erosion over time.

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14
Q

Explain what hydrolacation looks like

A

Hydrolacation refers to the erosion caused by the force of water, often resulting in the formation of channels or valleys.

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15
Q

What are wave cut notches and platform

A

When Cliff faces get raided, they end up forming a wave cut notch with an overhand and rock that has not been eroded. Eventually this overhang becomes too heavy for the rays support, and it falls into the secret and a wave cut platform

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16
Q

What is the fetch?

A

To e fetch is the distance the wind can travel uninterrupted. The waves are strongest when the wind travels a longer length. An example is The Atlantic Ocean.

17
Q

What factors influence how high a wave is?

A

The factors that influence how high wave is will be fetch, strong wind, gravitational pull . The wave that are the most damaging destructive waves is higher energy.

18
Q

What are the characteristics of Constructive Wave

A

Low wave height, Long wave length, Powerful wash-pushes material up the beach, weak backwash

19
Q

What are the characteristics of a Destructive Wave

A

High wave height, short wave length, wave swash-pushes material up the beach. POWERFUL BACKWASH

20
Q

Constructive or Destructive Wave: Waves are low and wide and build beaches. The front of the wave is gently sloping with little height.

A

Constructive

21
Q

Constructive or Destructive Wave:

The wave is high energy so material is removed.

A

Destructive

22
Q

Constructive or Destructive Wave:

Beaches are destroyed as the backwash is stronger than the swash.

A

Destructive

23
Q

Constructive or Destructive Wave:

The swash is stronger than the backwash so material is added to the beach.

A

Constructive

24
Q

Constructive or Destructive Wave:

Waves are high and have a short wave length. The front is steep and high

A

Destructive

25
Q

Constructive or Destructive Wave:

Wave frequency 11-15 per minute

A

Destructive

26
Q

Constructive or Destructive Wave:

Wave frequency 6-9 per minute

A

Constructive

27
Q

Which rock erodes the most quickly?

a. Hard (strong) rock. b. Soft (weak rock)

A

b. Soft (weak rock)

28
Q

Which type of wave destroys beaches?

Constructive waves. Destructive waves

A

Destructive wave

29
Q

Swash is . . .

A

UP

30
Q

Backwash is . . .

A

DOWN

31
Q

What is erosion

A

The wearing away of rocks and sediments

32
Q


How do cliffs retreat?

A

Cliffs retreat happens as the waves an attack the base of the cliffs. The weakness there produces a notch and this is enlarged overtime. The top of the cliff becomes unstable and collapses l, causing the whole cliff to retreat.

33
Q

What is LSD

A

Long shore Drift- This is the improvement of material along the beach in zigzag patterns

34
Q

What is Coastal Deposition

A

This is when the sea drops or deposits material. This can include sand, sediment and shingle

Geography U1 (4 decks)

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