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GEOGRAPHY > COASTS > Flashcards

COASTS Flashcards

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1
Q

Bedrock lithology

A

Underlying initial layers of rocks and their physical characteristics eg. Igneous, Metamorphic, Sedimentary.

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2
Q

Litoral zone

A

Dynamic zone between the land and the sea divided into backshore, foreshore, nearshore, offshore and endures rapid change.

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3
Q

Coastal recession

A

The retreat of the coastline due to erosion.

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4
Q

Concordant coastline

A

A coastline where the geology is arranged parallel to the shore.

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5
Q

Dalmation coast

A

A type of concordant coastline formed as a result of rise in sea level flooding valleys leaving only the tops of the ridges above the surface of the sea as offshore islands.

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6
Q

Geological structure

A

The arrangement of rocks in layers or folds and the joints and bedding planes within them.

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7
Q

Lithology

A

The physical characteristics of particular types of rocks.

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8
Q

Discordant coastline

A

A coastline where the geology is arranged at a right angle to the shore.

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9
Q

Haff coast

A

A type of concordant coastline which consists of a long spit of sand with a lagoon formed behind.

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10
Q

Differential erosion

A

Erosion at varying and irregular rates due to different rock type and resistance.

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11
Q

Positive feedback

A

Means one thing leads to another/ causing something else to happen/ domino effect.

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12
Q

Negative feedback

A

Means the system is trying to return to a state of normality.

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13
Q

Suspension

A

Fine material is carried/ suspended in the sea eg. Clay.

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14
Q

Solution

A

Dissolved minerals carried by the sea.

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15
Q

Saltation

A

Small stones bounce along the sea bed.

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16
Q

Traction

A

Boulders and pebbles are rolled along sea floor. Like tractor wheels.

17
Q

Sediment cells

A

Consist of a length of coastline containing the same sediment in that area. 11 in England and Wales.

18
Q

Successional development

A

The process of change in the species structure of an ecological community over time.

19
Q

Freeze thaw

A

Type of mechanical weathering which occurs when water enters cracks in the rock and freezes. When it freezes it expands therefore exerting pressure forcing the cracks to widen and break.

20
Q

Carbonation

A

This is the process of when carbonic rainwater comes into contact with sedimentary rock eg. Chalk and limestone causing it to dissolve due to the reaction of the acidic rain and the calcium carbonate in the rock.

21
Q

Plant roots

A

A form of biological weathering where plant roots grow into the cracks in the cliffs, as the roots grow thicker the cracks widen breaking the rock.

22
Q

Hydraulic action

A

Air gets trapped in cracks in the cliff then when a wave breaks the trapped air is compressed therefore the pressure weakens the cliff rock and is eroded.

23
Q

Abrasion

A

Bits of rock and sand carried in the wave grind down cliff surfaces like sandpaper.

24
Q

Attrition

A

Waves smash rocks and pebbles on the shore into each other eroding them and becoming smoother.

25
Q

Solution

A

Acids contained in the sea water dissolve some types of rock eg. Limestone and chalk.

26
Q

Exfoliation

A

The repeated action of heating and cooling of rocks causing them to “shed” layers.

27
Q

Weathering

A

The breaking down or dissolving of rock or minerals.

28
Q

Mechanical weathering

A

Breaks down rocks due to exertion of physical force.

29
Q

Chemical weathering

A

Involves a chemical change by reaction generating new chemical compounds.

30
Q

Biological weathering

A

Break down of rock through the actions of plants, animals or bacteria.

31
Q

Mass movement

A

The downslope movement rock and sediment due to gravity.

32
Q

Blockfall

A

A rapid form of movement when weakened material falls.

33
Q

Rotational slumping

A

Hugs amounts of material in one piece slowly rotate down the surface called sliding plane.

34
Q

Landslide

A

Slabs of loose material is dislodged and slide over underlying rocks.

35
Q

Rias

A

A submergent feature created when river valleys flood have a V-shaped cross section.

36
Q

Fjords

A

Submergent feature created when glacial valleys flood they are U-shaped and very deep.

GEOGRAPHY (4 decks)

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