Coasts Flashcards
1
Q
Why is the Holderness susceptible to erosion?
A
- boulder clay cliffs
- long fetch from the arctic
- narrow beach
- lack of sediment from further up the coastline
2
Q
talk about Flamborough Head:
A
- located north of the Holderness Coast
- cliffs made from chalk so when eroded it solves which provides little material for beaches down south
3
Q
talk about Mappleton:
A
- Eustatic sea level rise due
to global warming increases the zone of wave attack resulting in increased erosion - narrow beaches and boulder clay cliffs
- “hold the line” management :
- rock armour and groynes in place to reduce the impact of the long fetch from the arctic that brings destructive waves
4
Q
talk about Great Cowden:
A
- “do nothing” management
- Great Cowden eroding at a greater rate due to management at Mappleton
- LSD (explain) is removing material at Mappleton but groynes at Mappleton are stopping LSD adding material
- Beaches are narrower resulting in accelerated erosion because of shorter distance wave has to travel to cliffs
5
Q
at what rate are cliffs at the holderness coast eroding?
A
- 1.5m - 2m per year
6
Q
Why is flooding a problem in Odisha?
A
- increased temperatures causes thermal expansion of oceans
- rise in sea levels
7
Q
Where is Odisha located?
A
located ont he south east coast bordering the Bay of Bengal
8
Q
example 1 of flooding in Odisha:
A
- 1999 tropical cyclone killed 10,000
- since then mangroves have been put in place
- planted 200 hectares of mangroves that reduce the impact of flooding
9
Q
how do mangroves help reduce the impact of flooding?
A
- act as buffers against storm surges by obstructing the water
- reduce the height of the waves
- reduces the waves energy, energy dissipates
10
Q
Goods available from mangroves:
A
- fuel
- textiles
- household items
11
Q
example 2 of flooding in Odisha:
A
- October 2013 Cyclone shailin struck Odisha
- 44 people died
- economic losses of $700,000
- over 1,000,000 people evacuated
- wind speeds touched 200km/h tearing down power lines and uprooting trees
- frequency and intensity of these storms may increase due to climate change
12
Q
what is eustatic change in sea level?
A
- alteration in the volume of water
- eustatic is always a global effect
- increase in temperature will affect sea level rise because ice sheets melt
13
Q
what is isostatic change in sea level?
A
- the result of an increase or decrease in t he height of the land
- height of land increase so sea level falls
- heigh of land decreases so sea levels rise
- local effect
14
Q
what are emergent landforms:
A
- occur when isostatic rebound takes place faster than eustatic rise in sea level (lands height rises faster than seas)
- e.g. wave cut platforms and beaches above current sea level
- no longer experience coastal erosion but they are weathered
15
Q
what are submergent landforms?
A
- eustatic rise fast than isostatic rebound (water floods the land and fills up landforms)
- e.g. ria, fjords, dalmatien coastlines
