Coastline

Question 1

Name all features of headlands (9).

Answer 1

Wave-cut platform, cliff, beach, bay, headland, arch, cave, stack, stump.

Question 2

Explain how the process of abrasion (corrasion) forms a cave. [3]

Answer 2

Waves pick up loose materials/rocks;
Loose materials hit the cliff;
Cliff is damaged by by loose rocks.

Question 3

Suggest why bays and headlands develope along the coast. [4]

Answer 3

Alternate bands of hard (e.g. chalk, granite) and soft rock (e.g. clay);
Headlands are formed where rocks are hard (they are not easily eroded);
Bays are formed where rocks are soft (they are easily eroded);
Differential erosion occur;

Question 4

Describe the benefits of living in a coastal area. [3]

Answer 4

Development of ports, trade, export;
Fishing industry and for food;
Jobs in tourist industry;
Flat land is easy to build on;
Scenic beauty, fresh air, cool sea breeze;

Question 5

Explain why the natural environment may be hazardous for people living in coastal settlements. [5]

Answer 5

Hurricanes, cyclones, typhoons may occur;
Cliffs may collapse;
Flooding, rising sea level;
Housing, possessions, food supplies destroyed or damaged;
Workplaces may be closed down/businesses damaged;
People may suffer water borne disease.

Question 6

Describe and explain the conditions which lead to the development of a coral reef. [7]

Answer 6

Warm water between 18–27°C, which encourages year round growth;
Shallow water, not more than 60 metres deep, so plenty of sunlight can penetrate ro aid photosynthesis;
Clear water not polluted, so growth of organisms is not inhibited;
Plentiful supply of oxygen in water, so organisms can grow;
Plentiful supply of plankton, as food supply for fauna;
Calm water, no strong currents and waves, which prevents destruction of coral;
PH is alkaline, as an acidic water will kill coral);
Salt water, as coral cannot grow in freshwater;