coastal zones

Question 1

kiribati

Answer 1

32 islands in pacific ocean
no more than 4m above sea level
risk of flooding and erosion due to predicted 1m rise I sea levels between 2000-2100

Question 2

impacts of coastal flooding in kiribati (3)

Answer 2

social - lack of clean water supplies due to contamination
environmental - salt water poisons soil, meaning people have to import food
economic - constantly having to re-build sea walls

Question 3

solutions to coastal flooding in kiribati (3)

Answer 3

land is being bought on other islands to grow food eg. figi
potential to build floating buildings ($2 billion) or build sea walls around the islands
these will be managed by the $5.5 million kiribati adaptation program

Question 4

holderness coast

Answer 4

61km long, average rate of erosion is 1.8m per year

Question 5

reasons for erosion on holderness coast (4)

Answer 5

easily eroded rock type (boulder clay)
narrow beaches - less protection
groynes cause some areas of the beach to be narrower and more easily eroded
holderness faces the prevailing wind direction meaning powerful waves

Question 6

impacts of erosion on holderness coast (5)

Answer 6

homes are at risk of collapsing into the sea
businesses are at risk of erosion - job losses eg. seaside cavern park is losing 10 pitches a year
80,000m^2 of farmland lost each year
roads are at risk which affects accessibility
SSSIs are threatened eg. the Lagoons near easington

Question 7

coastal management in the holderness coast (4)

Answer 7

bridlington - 4.7km long sea wall
hornsea - sea wall, wooden groynes & rock armour
mappleton - two rock groynes built in 1991 costing £2 million
withersea - sea wall damaged in 1992 so rock armour was added

Question 8

problems with coastal management in holderness coast (4)

Answer 8

groynes cause narrow beaches further down the coast increasing rate of erosion
eroded material usually transported to humber estuary and lack of it increases chances of flooding
spurn head at risk of eroding away as less material being added to it
bays are forming between protected areas and they’re turning into headlands which are being eroded more heavily

Question 9

spurn point

Answer 9

6km long and 50m wide

Question 10

plants found in spurn point (3)

Answer 10

sea couch found closest to sea - can withstand salty conditions
marram grass - long roots to stabilise in loose sand
sea holly found inside the spit - shelter and nutrients there allow them to grow

Question 11

animals found in spurn point (2)

Answer 11

ducks eg. shelduck

birds that feed in the mud flats

Question 12

conflicts of spurn point (3)

Answer 12

tourists bring litter which is left on the dunes
noise can discourage bird mating
tourists trample the dunes which damages vegetation

Question 13

solutions to conflicts in spurn point (3)

Answer 13

no dogs allowed
number of cars allowed on the spit is limited
information boards educate tourists on how to look after the spit