Coastal Management Hard And Soft Engineering

Question 1

Groynes

Answer 1

Wooden barriers to trap beach material moved by LSD

• easy to repair, low cost, allows beach to build up which attracts tourists
• ugly, interfere with sediment

Question 2

Gabion

Answer 2

Small rocks in metal cages which reduce wave impact

• cheap, can be built from natural waste material and easy to handle
• easily damaged in storms, short term solution and unattractive

Question 3

Beach nourishment

Answer 3

Sand is pumped from seabed to replace any eroded material

• can be cheap, looks natural, attracts tourists if beach looks nice
• on going project, can be expensive, have to have right sand to match existing

Question 4

dune regeneration

Answer 4

Wooden structures to encourage sand deposition

• good barrier for floods, habitats for rate plants, effective as natural
• expensive ad only succeeds if publicly access is controlled

Question 5

Beach profiling

Answer 5

Shaped beach to change effects of erosion

• relatively cheap and simple, maintains beach and attracts tourists
• only works in low energy coasts, has to be redone regularly

Question 6

Do nothing

Answer 6

Monitor situation but let nature take it’s course

• tide mills
• no financial value, no residents
• no cost
• flooding of land so farmers lose out

Question 7

Managed retreat

Answer 7

Breaching or removing existing defences allowing land to erode and flood

• cuckmere
• little financial value
• will produce salt marsh, cheaper
• coastguard cottages lost as well as beautiful environment

Question 8

Hold the line

Answer 8

Maintain and improve defences

• seaford
• large population and development
• keeps tourism, protects infrastructure and is popular with residents
• expensive, can make other parts of coast vulnerable

Question 9

Advance the line

Answer 9

Building new defences seawards of existing ones

• Lyme Regis
• sea walls are historic and need protection as well as town
• protects tourism and housing
• rare and expensive

Question 10

Shoreline management plans

Answer 10

Aim: produces sustainable policies for defence of uk shoreline with the strategies being compatible with adjacent coastal areas and takes into account natural professes and stakeholder needs

Question 11

Where are shoreline management plans?

Answer 11

Uk coast divided into 11 sediment cells
Each cell divided into smaller cells
Management plans for each of these

Question 12

Sediment cell

Answer 12

Self contained in terms of erosion, deposition and sediment movement whereby one cell should not significantly affect adjacent ones

Question 13

Integrated coastal zone management

Answer 13

Addresses issues related to coastal zones to protect natural environments and establish sustainable levels of socio economic activity in British coasts

Question 14

Why do we need a variety of management plans?

Answer 14

1) financial value
2) function
3) ecological fragility
4) geology
5) rate of erosion
6) different stakeholders needs

Question 15

Ways of assessing best management schemes?

Answer 15

Cost benefit analysis and enviro impact assessments

Question 16

Sea wall

Answer 16

Reflect wave energy

• effective when protecting high value land
• costly and disturbs during construction as well as ruins habitats