Coastal management and protection Flashcards
What is fetch?
The distance of sea over which winds blow and travel towards a coastline.
What is geology?
kind/type of a rock and its features
What is coastal protection?
Ways in which humans have used technology to protect coast from erosion.
What 3 things affect the rate of coastal erosion and how?
Geology - resistance to erosion - how quickly the rock will erode
Fetch - longer distance a wave travels, more energy it picks up and be destructive
Coastal protection - what protection is put in place
Summarise the Holbeck Hall cliff collapse
Scarborough, June 1993
Great views, close to beach = tourist attraction
Cliff slumping from coastal erosion
Impacted employees, tourists, government etc.
Insurance companies did not pay for property damages as it is natural cause.
Summarise the Holderness Coast case study.
Fastest eroding stretch of coastline in Europe.
Average 2 metres fall into North Sea each year.
Over 30 villages lost since Roman times.
Erosion taking place since last 6000 years.
Can be up to 10 - 20 metres per year.
Why is Holderness coastline eroding so quickly?
Boulder clay - most easily erode-able rock (soil)
Relatively long fetch - from North East
Rising sea levels
Destructive waves
How does the placement of Groynes benefit some but cost others?
Benefit - Groynes stop longshore drift meaning there is more sand in some places. This sand slows down erosion.
Cost - However only part of the coast is protected, the rest erodes more quickly.
What 2 types of engineering is used to protect the coast?
Hard engineering - solid structures to resist erosion Soft engineering (hollistic approach) - smaller structures often from natural resources
Give 5 examples of hard engineering.
Sea Wall - concrete wall built at base of cliff
Groynes - wooden/rock fence built on beach
Off-Shore Reef - barrier of rocks built on sea bed
RipRap - big boulders of resistant rock left on coast
Revetments - Large slacks of wood/rock structures at base of cliff
Give 4 examples of soft engineering
Beach replenishment/nourishment - adding sand to a beach
Managed retreat - Moving buildings/houses inland
Cliff regrading - Make cliff face less steep so less vulnerable to undercut
What is ICZM?
Integrated Coastal Zone Management splits coast into different zones and decides their protection methods.
