Coastal Landscapes and processes (-)

Question 1

What are the 4 types of erosion?

Answer 1

• hydraulic action
• abrasion
• attrition
• solution

Question 2

What is hydraulic action?

Answer 2

• a type of erosion
• the shear power of waves as they smash against the cliff. Air becomes trapped in the cracks in the rocks and causes the rock to break apart

Question 3

What is abrasion?

Answer 3

• a type of erosion
• when pebbles grind along the rock platform (much like sandpaper). Over time the rock becomes smooth.

Question 4

What is attrition?

Answer 4

• a type of erosion
• When rocks that the sea is carrying knock against each other. They break apart to become smaller and more rounded

Question 5

What is solution?

Answer 5

• a type of erosion + transportation
• when sea water dissolves certain types of rocks
  (in the UK, chalk and limestone cliffs are prone to this type of erosion)
• the transport of dissolved chemicals

Question 6

What 3 types of erosion form a wave cut platform?

Answer 6

• hydraulic action
• attrition
• abrasion

Question 7

What type of wave tends to cause more erosion?

Answer 7

destructive waves

Question 8

What type of wave tends to cause more depositon?

Answer 8

constructive waves

Question 9

What type of rock is less resistant?

Answer 9

Sedimentary (clay, limestone)

Question 10

What rock type is the most resistant?

Answer 10

Igneous (granite)

Question 11

Headland erosion: what are the 5 different forms leading to a stump?

Answer 11

1) crack/ joint
2) cave
3) arch
4) stack
5) stump

Question 12

What are the 4 types of transportation?

Answer 12

• traction
• saltation
• suspension
• solution

Question 13

What is traction?

Answer 13

• a type of transportation
  large, heavy pebbles are rolled along the sea/river bed

Question 14

what is saltation?

Answer 14

• a type of transportation
  pebbles are bounced along the sea / river bed

Question 15

What is suspension?

Answer 15

lighter sediment is suspended (carried) within the water

Question 16

What is weathering?

Answer 16

the in-situ process where rocks are worn away or broken down into smaller pieces by wind, water or plants

Question 17

What is erosion?

Answer 17

when broken rocks and sediment are picked up and moved to another place by wind, water or ice

Question 18

What is deposition?

Answer 18

material being transported by a river is dropped (usually occurs when the river loses energy) either when a river shallows or at the mouth where it meets a lake or an ocean

Question 19

What is Chemical weathering?

Answer 19

rocks reacting with slightly acidic water e.g. limestone dissolved by carbonation

Question 20

What is Biological weathering?

Answer 20

action of plants and animals (e.g. tree roots widen cracks in rocks), causing the rock to split apart

Question 21

What is Mechanical weathering?

Answer 21

water falls into the cracks in rocks and freezes, causing it to expand; over time the repeated thawing and freezing causes the rock to break apart

Question 22

What can mechanical weathering also be known as?

Answer 22

Physical weathering (freeze-thaw)

Question 23

What is mass movement?

Answer 23

the downhill movement of material under the influence of gravity

Question 24

What 3 factors vary types of mass movement?

Answer 24

• material involved
• amount of water in the material
• type of movement e.g. sliding, slumping