Changing cities - Mumbai case study Flashcards
What is the definition of a top-down strategy?
Decisions made about development are made by governments or large transnational companies (TNCs)
What is the definition of a bottom-up strategy?
experts work within communities to identify their real needs
How do top-down strategies impact people?
-2 facts
-decisions are normally imposed on people
-benefits will trickle down to everyone
How do bottom-up strategies impact people?
- 1 fact
- Giving local people control in improving their lives
- experts assist with progress
Development projects in Mumbai:
Name 2 bottom-up strategies in Mumbai
-Community toilet project
-The Mumbai slum electrification project
Development projects in Mumbai:
-Name a top-down strategy in Mumbai
-The Mumbai slum resettlement scheme
Development projects in Mumbai:
What are general facts about the Community toilet project?
4 facts
- Installing toilet blocks
- charity called SPARC - largest Indian NGO
- Originally said they would:build 211 toilet blocks, 4000 toilet seats, benefitting 200,000 people
- As of 2014 there have been 7000 toilets constructed
Development projects in Mumbai:
What are the advantages of the community toilet project in Mumbai?
5 points
- Improves sanitation with fewer waterborne diseases (cholera)
-stops waste from going near where people are living
-community participation
-separate entrances for men and women
-provides employment position (care taker appointed by the community)
Development projects in Mumbai:
What is a disadvantage of the community toilet project?
- due to so many members of the community being involved, the project was slow to develop
-It began in 1993
Development projects in Mumbai:
What are 3 general facts about the Mumbai slum resettlement scheme?
- Indian government wants to relocate 4000 slum dwellers
-into purpose built apartments - so they can expand the business district
Development projects in Mumbai:
What are the advantages of the Mumbai slum resettlement scheme?
5 facts
- include running water and toilets (water supply, proper drainage and sewer system)-reduced risk of waterborne diseases
- safe play areas for children
-strong, safe areas with lower crime rates
-shops and businesses located locally provide jobs
-children attend school more regulary
Development projects in Mumbai:
What are the general facts about the Mumbai slum electrification project?
4 facts
-slum areas mostly do not have electricity and rely on bottles gas for cooking and heating - this can be dangerous and expensive
- fumes can cause health problems (respiratory diseases)
- Oxfam have recently developed a project to help 10,000 slum dwellers with upgraded electricity connections
- local people have been trained to fix and maintain the electricity cables and appliances
Development projects in Mumbai:
What are the disadvantage of the Mumbai slum resettlement scheme?
5 facts
- An ancient fishing village is threatened
- risk to local market and community spirit which has taken decades to develop
-locals would prefer smaller improvements to their current slum
-redevelopment projects densely populated- - expensive to fund (takes money away from the solutions)
Development projects in Mumbai:
What are some positives of the Mumbai slum electrification project?
- 3 facts
- reduces risk of fire
- less respiratory problems
- healthier people are able to work and earn a living
Development projects in Mumbai:
What are some negatives of the Mumbai slum electrification project? - 4 facts
- 1 million in the Dharavi slum alone (only 10,000 people impacted by the project
- doesn’t address the issue of the poor housing
-seen as a temporary fix to a bigger problem
doesn’t have a large scale impact- not extensive enough
What is the definition of urban function?
The activities which take place in a city
What are some of the urban functions of Mumbai? -7
-residential (informal settlements)
-residential (formal settlements)
-tourism
-naval base
-power generation
-port- trade
-commercial (shops and market)
Why is the site of Mumbai suitable for a megacity? -2
-It has a natural deep water port (ideal for shipping and trade)
- On the European side of India (ideal for trade through the Suez canal)
Why isn’t the site of Mumbai suitable for a megacity?-2
- Surrounded by water on 3 sides (population density very high and the city lacks space to expand)
-land vulnerable to flooding and tropical cyclones
Describe the location of Mumbai? -6
-Mumbai is located in India (In Asia)
-Norther hemisphere (falls in the tropic of cancer)
-located in the state of Maharashtra (western coast)
Borders the Arabian sea (west of Mumbai)
-Mumbai is on a narrow peninsula
What reasons may attract someone to living in Mumbai? - 3
-vibrant culture and diverse population
-excellent job opportunities
-major hub for business and finance (attractive destination for entrepreneurs and professionals)
What reasons may deter someone from living in Mumbai? - 5 facts
-High cost of living
-Overcrowding
-air pollution
-city prone to monsoon flooding (causes damage to property and infrastructure)
-crime rate is higher than national average
What is the site of Mumbai?
-located on a peninsula of low lying land that has been reclaimed from the sea
What is the situation of Mumbai?
On the west coast of India next to the Arabian sea
1400km southwest of New Delhi
