Coastal Landscapes and Change EQ4 Flashcards
What are the two main types of losses resulting from coastal recession?
Economic and social losses
Economic losses include damage to housing, businesses, and infrastructure, while social losses involve relocation, loss of livelihood, and community disruption.
How is economic loss from coastal recession quantified?
Through loss or damage to property such as homes, businesses, and farmland
The valuation of agricultural land in England was £21,000 per ha in 2015, while industrial/business land was valued at £500,000 per ha.
What was the cost to repair the South Devon Main Line Railway after its collapse in 2014?
£35 million
This incident followed significant coastal erosion.
What are ‘rollback’ policies in the context of coastal change?
Policies providing fast-tracked planning approval for building new homes elsewhere
These are part of the UK’s Coastal Change Pathfinder projects.
True or False: The Environment Agency estimates that 800 properties will be lost by 2035 due to coastal erosion.
True
This estimate reflects the gradual impact of erosion on coastal properties.
What are some social consequences of coastal flooding?
Relocation, break-up of community, loss of livelihoods
These consequences can lead to increased stress and financial problems.
Fill in the blank: Coastal flooding tends to be larger in areal extent and involves greater _______.
losses
Flooding can be classified as a natural disaster in certain cases.
What was the estimated property damage caused by a 1 m rise in sea level in Australia?
$72 billion
This includes damage to homes, commercial properties, and infrastructure.
What were the social impacts of the North Sea Flood in the UK in 2013?
2 deaths, hundreds evacuated, loss of amenity value
The storm surge caused significant disruption along the east coast.
What was the estimated economic damage from Typhoon Haiyan in the Philippines?
US $2 billion
The storm significantly affected the city of Tacloban.
What is the predicted sea level rise by 2100 according to the IPCC?
26-82 cm
This rise could create environmental refugees due to flooding and saltwater encroachment.
Which countries are most at risk from predicted sea level rise by 2100?
Maldives, Tuvalu, Seychelles, Barbados
These areas are particularly vulnerable due to low elevation and high population density.
What are environmental refugees?
People forced to leave their homes due to natural processes such as erosion or flooding
This term is not officially recognized by the UN High Commission for Refugees.
What significant event created 1 million environmental refugees in the USA?
Hurricane Katrina in 2005
The storm caused extensive flooding in New Orleans.
What is the economic impact of coral bleaching on the Great Barrier Reef?
Loss in tourism income
Coral reefs are vital for tourism and natural coastal defense.
