Coastal Landscapes

Question 1

Alluvium

Answer 1

a deposit of clay, silt, and sand left by flowing floodwater in a river valley or delta, typically producing fertile soil.

Question 2

Concordant coast

Answer 2

layers of different rock type run parallel to the coast

Question 3

Discordant Coast

Answer 3

Layers of different rock type run perpendicular to the coast.

Question 4

Barrier Beach

Answer 4

A sand or shingle bar above high tide, parallel to the coastline and separated from it by a lagoon

Question 5

Emergent Coasts

Answer 5

Emergent coasts are a result of local tectonic uplift of the land surface or a fall in the elevation of sea level because of a reduction in the water volume of oceans

Question 6

Submergent Coast

Answer 6

Submergent Coasts are those that have been flooded by ocean waters because of a relative rise in the elevation of sea level at that location. The rise in sea level can be either the result of an increase in the volume of water in the ocean basins or the result of the land surface sinking, both of which create an apparent rise in the elevation of sea level. A common feature of submergent coastal zones is river valleys or glacially-carved valleys that have been flooded by ocean water.

Question 7

Dalmation Coast

Answer 7

They are a common landform along the coast of Norway. A dalmation coastline is formed where the geology creates valleys parallel to the coast so that when sea level rises, a series of elongated islands remain offshore.

Question 8

Cuspate Foreland

Answer 8

Geographical features found on coastlines and lakeshores that are created primarily by longshore drift. Formed by accretion and progradation of sand and shingle, they extend outwards from the shoreline in a triangular shape. They are like a low lying headland

Question 9

Haff Coast

Answer 9

A long shallow lagoon separated from the open sea by a narrow sandbar or barrier beach

Question 10

Halosere

Answer 10

A succession in a saline environment. An example of a halosere is a salt marsh.

Question 11

High Energy Coastlines

Answer 11

Waves are powerful (for a significant part of the year),
the rate of erosion exceeds the rate of deposition,
characteristic landforms include headlands, cliffs and wave-cut platforms

Question 12

Low Energy Coastline

Answer 12

Waves are not powerful (for a significant part of the year), the rate of deposition exceeds the rate of erosion, characteristic landforms include beaches and spits

Question 13

Littoral Zone

Answer 13

The littoral zone is the near shore area where sunlight penetrates all the way to the sediment and allows aquatic plants (macrophytes) to grow.

Question 14

Raised Beach

Answer 14

Raised beaches are wave-cut platforms & beaches that are above the current sea level due to geological changes since its formation

Question 15

Ria

Answer 15

This is a river valley that’s been flooded by the eustatic rise in sea level

Question 16

Sediment Cell

Answer 16

Sediment cells are areas along the coastline and in the nearshore area where the movement of material is largely self-contained. They can be considered as a closed coastal sub-system as far as sediment is concerned.